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1. This Agreement shall be open for signature until 1 January 2020 at the Headquarters of the Organization by the States and, if permitted under their constitutional relationship with the State to which they are linked, the territories referred to in Article 5 of this Agreement.
2. This Agreement is subject to ratification, acceptance or approval by the States or territories referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article.
3. This Agreement shall be open for accession by any State or, if permitted under its constitutional relationship with the State to which it is linked, any territory referred to in Article 5 of this Agreement that has not signed this Agreement.
4. Subject to the provisions of Article 5 of this Agreement:
(i) any State may declare that its ratification, acceptance, approval of, or accession to this Agreement includes any territory or group of territories for the international relations of which it is responsible;
(ii) any State may at any time declare by notification given in writing to the depositary that this Agreement shall extend to all or any of its territories for whose international relations it is responsible. Such notifications shall take effect three months after the date of receipt thereof by the depositary.
5. Any State and any territory referred to in paragraphs 2 or 3 of this Article may, at the time of signing or of depositing an instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, deposit an opt out as referred to in Article 43 of this Agreement. Any State may declare that the opt out includes any territory or group of territories possessing autonomy in the conduct of customs matters for the international relations of which it is responsible.
6. Any State or any territory referred to in paragraphs 2 or 3 of this Article, ratifying, accepting, approving or acceding to this Agreement shall be bound by any amendments to this Agreement which have entered into force at the date of deposit of its instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession.