Artikel 5

Recognition or enforcement of a decision may nevertheless be refused in any of the following cases -
(1) if recognition or enforcement of the decision is manifestly incompatible with the public policy of the State addressed or with due process of law or if, in the circumstances, either party had no adequate opportunity fairly to present his case;
(2) if the decision was obtained by fraud in the procedural sense;
(3) if proceedings between the same parties, based on the same facts and having the same purpose - (a) are pending before a court of the State addressed and those proceedings were the first to be instituted, or
(b) have resulted in a decision by a court of the State addressed, or
(c) have resulted in a decision by a court of another State which would be entitled to recognition and enforcement under the law of the State addressed.
(a) are pending before a court of the State addressed and those proceedings were the first to be instituted, or
(b) have resulted in a decision by a court of the State addressed, or
(c) have resulted in a decision by a court of another State which would be entitled to recognition and enforcement under the law of the State addressed.