Artikel 1

1.1. For the purposes of this Agreement:
a. “Co-producer” means film production companies or producers of China or film production companies or producers of the Netherlands involved in the making of a co-production film, or, in relation to third-party co-productions under Article 6, includes co-producers which are not Nationals of either China or the Netherlands.
b. “Co-production Film” is a film made by one or more Chinese producers (“the Chinese co-producer”) in conjunction with one or more producers from the Netherlands (“the Netherlands co-producer”) through joint investment and copyright, and includes a film to which Article 6 applies. A Co-production Film has a minimum creative and financial contribution from each co-producer, as set out in the Annex.
c. “Film” means an aggregate of images, or of images and sounds, embodied in any material, including but not limited to fiction films, documentaries and animation films, and which are primarily intended for theatrical release, television, mobile phones and on/line platforms. “Film” also includes a film of a like nature to a feature film made for television (“telemovies”).
d. “Nationals” means: i. in relation to China, citizens and legal persons of China;
ii. in relation to the Netherlands, any individual possessing Dutch nationality;
i. in relation to China, citizens and legal persons of China;
ii. in relation to the Netherlands, any individual possessing Dutch nationality;
e. “Residents” means: i. in relation to China, natural persons which are long-term or permanent Residents of China;
ii. in relation to the Netherlands, persons who do not possess Dutch nationality but are permanent Residents of the Netherlands.
i. in relation to China, natural persons which are long-term or permanent Residents of China;
ii. in relation to the Netherlands, persons who do not possess Dutch nationality but are permanent Residents of the Netherlands.
f. “Competent Authorities” means the authorities designated as such by the Contracting Parties as set out in the Annex.