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1. If any dispute arises between Contracting States relating to the interpretation or application of the present Agreement, they shall in the first place endeavour to settle it by negotiation between themselves.
2. (a) If they fail to reach a settlement they may agree to refer the dispute for decision to an arbitral tribunal or arbitrator.
(b) If they do not agree on a settlement by arbitration within one month after one State has informed the other State of its intention to appeal to such an arbitral authority, or if they cannot within an additional three months after having agreed to refer the dispute to arbitration reach agreement as to the composition of the arbitral tribunal or the person of the arbitrator, any Contracting State concerned may refer the dispute to the Council of the International Civil Aviation Organization for decision: No member of the Council shall vote in the consideration by the Council of any dispute to which it is a party. If said Council declares itself unwilling to entertain the dispute, any Contracting State concerned may refer it to the International Court of Justice.
3. The Contracting States undertake to comply with any decision given under paragraph (2) of this Article.
4. If and so long as any Contracting State fails to comply with a decision given under paragraph (2) of this Article, the other Contracting States may limit, withhold or revoke any rights granted to it by virtue of the present Agreement.