Verdrag inzake verkeerstekens

For the purpose of this Convention, the following expressions shall have the meanings hereby assigned to them:
(a) The “domestic legislation” of a Contracting Party means the entire body of national or local laws and regulations in force in the territory of that Contracting Party;
(b) “Built-up area” means an area with entries and exits specially sign-posted as such, or otherwise defined in domestic legislation;
(c) “Road” means the entire surface of any way or street open to public traffic;
(d) “Carriageway” means the part of a road normally used by vehicular traffic; a road may comprise several carriageways clearly separated from one another by, for example, a dividing strip or a difference of level;
(e) “Lane” means any one of the longitudinal strips into which the carriageway is divisible, whether or not defined by longitudinal road markings, which is wide enough for one moving line of motor vehicles other than motor cycles;
(e)bis ‘Cycle lane’ means a part of a carriageway designated for cycles. A cycle lane is distinguished from the rest of the carriageway by longitudinal road markings;
(e)ter ‘Cycle track’ means an independent road or part of a road designated for cycles, signposted as such. A cycle track is separated from other roads or other parts of the same road by structural means;
(f) “Intersection” means any level crossroad, junction or fork, including the open areas formed by such crossroads, junctions or forks;
(g) “Level-crossing” means any level integration between a road and a railway or tramway track with its own track formation;
(h) “Motorway” means a road specially designed and built for motor traffic, which does not serve properties bordering on it, and which: (i) Is provided, except at special points or temporarily, with separate carriageways for the two directions of traffic, separated from each other either by a dividing strip not intended for traffic or, exceptionally, by other means;
(ii) Does not cross at level with any road, railway or tramway track, or footpath; and,
(iii) Is specially sign-posted as a motorway;
(i) Is provided, except at special points or temporarily, with separate carriageways for the two directions of traffic, separated from each other either by a dividing strip not intended for traffic or, exceptionally, by other means;
(ii) Does not cross at level with any road, railway or tramway track, or footpath; and,
(iii) Is specially sign-posted as a motorway;
(i) A vehicle is said to be: (i) “Standing” if it is stationary for the time needed to pick up or set down persons or to load or unload goods; and
(ii) “Parked” if it is stationary for any reason other than the need to avoid interference with another road-user or collision with an obstruction or to comply with traffic regulations, and if the period during which the vehicle is stationary is not limited to the time needed to pick up or set down persons or goods; Nevertheless, it shall be open to Contracting Parties to regard as “standing” any vehicle which is stationary within the meaning of sub-paragraph (ii) above for a period not exceeding that fixed by domestic legislation, and to regard as “parking” any vehicle which is stationary within the meaning of sub-paragraph (i) above for a period exceeding that fixed by domestic legislation;
(i) “Standing” if it is stationary for the time needed to pick up or set down persons or to load or unload goods; and
(ii) “Parked” if it is stationary for any reason other than the need to avoid interference with another road-user or collision with an obstruction or to comply with traffic regulations, and if the period during which the vehicle is stationary is not limited to the time needed to pick up or set down persons or goods;
(j) “Cycle” means any vehicle which has at least two wheels and is propelled solely by the muscular energy of the persons on that vehicle, in particular by means of pedals or hand-cranks;
(k) “Moped” means any two-wheeled or three-wheeled vehicle which is fitted with an internal combustion engine having a cylinder capacity not exceeding 50 cc (3.05 cu. in.) and a maximum design speed not exceeding 50 km (30 miles) per hour. Contracting Parties are free, however, not to regard as mopeds, under their domestic legislation, vehicles which do not have the characteristics of a cycle with respect to their use, particular the characteristic that they can be propelled by pedals, or whose maximum design speed, whose mass, or certain of whose engine characteristics exceed certain limits. Nothing in this definition shall be construed as preventing Contracting Parties from treating mopeds exactly as cycles in applying the provisions of their domestic legislation regarding road traffic;
(l) “Motor cycle” means any two-wheeled vehicle with or without a side-car, which is equipped with a propelling engine. Contracting Parties may also treat as motor cycles in their domestic legislation three-wheeled vehicles whose unladen mass does not exceed 400 kg (900 lb). The term “motor cycle” does not include mopeds, although Contracting Parties may, provided they make a declaration to this effect in conformity with Article 46, paragraph 2, of this Convention, treat mopeds as motor cycles for the purposes of the Convention;
(m) “Power-driven vehicle” means any self-propelled road vehicle, other than a moped in the territories of Contracting Parties which do not treat mopeds as motor cycles, and other than a rail-borne vehicle;
(n) “Motor vehicle” means any power-driven vehicle which is normally used for carrying persons or goods by road or for drawing, on the road, vehicles used for the carriage of persons or goods. This term embraces trolley-buses, that is to say, vehicles connected to an electric conductor and not rail-borne. It does not cover vehicles, such as agricultural tractors, which are only incidentally used for carrying persons or goods by road or for drawing, on the road, vehicles used for the carriage of persons or goods;
(o) “Trailer” means any vehicle designed to be drawn by a power driven vehicle and includes semi-trailers;
(p) “Semi-trailer” means any trailer designed to be coupled to a motor vehicle in such a way that part of it rests on the motor vehicle and that a substantial part of its mass and of the mass of its load is borne by the motor vehicle;
(q) “Driver” means any person who drives a motor vehicle or other vehicle (including a cycle), or who guides cattle, singly or in herds, or flocks or draught, pack or saddle animals on a road;
(r) “Permissible maximum mass” means the maximum mass of the laden vehicle declared permissible by the competent authority of the State in which the vehicle is registered;
(s) “Laden mass” means the actual mass of the vehicle as loaded, with the crew and passengers on board;
(t) “Direction of traffic” and “appropriate to the direction of traffic” mean the right-hand side if, under domestic legislation, the driver of a vehicle must allow an oncoming vehicle to pass on his left; otherwise these expressions mean the left-hand side;
(u) The requirement that a driver shall “give way” to other vehicles means that he must not continue or resume his advance or manoeuvre if by so doing he might compel the drivers of other vehicles to change their direction or speed of their vehicles abruptly.

The annexes to this Convention, namely:
Annex 1: Road signs;
Section A: Danger warning signs;
Section B: Priority signs
Section C: Prohibitory or restrictive signs;
Section D: Mandatory signs;
Section E: Special regulation signs;
Section F: Information, facilities or service signs;
Section G: Direction, position or indication signs;
Section H: Additional panels;
Annex 2: Road markings;
Annex 3: Reproduction in colour of signs, symbols and panels referred to in Annex 1;
are integral parts of this Convention.

1. (a) The Contracting Parties to this Convention accept the system of road signs, signals and symbols and road markings described herein and undertake to adopt it as soon as possible. To this end, (i) Where this Convention prescribes a sign, symbol or marking for signifying a certain rule or conveying certain information to road-users, the Contracting Parties undertake, subject to the time-limits specified in paragraphs 2 and 3 of this Article, not to use any other sign, symbol or marking for signifying that rule or conveying that information;
(ii) Where this Convention does not prescribe a sign, symbol or marking for signifying a certain rule or conveying certain information to road-users, it shall be open to the Contracting Parties to use for these purposes any sign, symbol or marking they wish, provided that such sign, symbol or marking is not assigned a different meaning in this Convention and provided that it conforms to the system prescribed by this Convention.
(i) Where this Convention prescribes a sign, symbol or marking for signifying a certain rule or conveying certain information to road-users, the Contracting Parties undertake, subject to the time-limits specified in paragraphs 2 and 3 of this Article, not to use any other sign, symbol or marking for signifying that rule or conveying that information;
(ii) Where this Convention does not prescribe a sign, symbol or marking for signifying a certain rule or conveying certain information to road-users, it shall be open to the Contracting Parties to use for these purposes any sign, symbol or marking they wish, provided that such sign, symbol or marking is not assigned a different meaning in this Convention and provided that it conforms to the system prescribed by this Convention.
(b) With a view to improving traffic control techniques, and having regard to the usefulness of carrying out experiments before proposing amendments to this Convention, it shall be open to Contracting Parties to derogate from the provisions of this Convention, for experimental purposes and temporarily, on certain sections of road.
2. Contracting Parties undertake to replace or supplement, not later than four years from the date of entry into force of this Convention in their territories, any sign, symbol, installation or marking which, although it has the characteristics of a sign, symbol, installation or marking belonging to the system prescribed by this Convention, is used with a different meaning from that assigned to it in this Convention.
3. Contracting Parties undertake to replace, within fifteen years from the date of entry into force of this Convention in their territories, any sign, symbol, installation or marking which does not conform to the system prescribed in this Convention. During this period, in order to familiarize road-users with the system prescribed in this Convention, previous signs and symbols may be retained beside those prescribed in this Convention.
4. Nothing in this Convention may be construed as requiring the Contracting Parties to adopt all the types of sign and marking prescribed in this Convention. On the contrary, Contracting Parties shall limit the number of types of sign or marking they adopt to what is strictly necessary.

The Contracting Parties undertake that it shall be prohibited:
(a) To affix to a sign, to its support or to any other traffic control device anything not related to the purpose of such sign or device; if, however, Contracting Parties or sub-divisions thereof authorize a non-profit-making association to install informative signs, they may permit the emblem of that association to appear on the sign or on its support provided this does not make it less easy to understand the sign;
(b) To install any board, notice, marking or device which might be confused with signs or other traffic control devices, might render them less visible or effective, or might dazzle road-users or distract their attention in a way prejudicial to traffic safety.

1. Section A, subsection 1 of Annex 1 to this Convention indicates the models for danger warning signs; Section A, subsection II indicates the symbols to be placed on these signs and gives some instructions for their use. In conformity with Article 46, paragraph 2 of this Convention, each State shall notify the Secretary-General whether it has selected Aa or Ab as the model for danger warning signs.
2. The number of danger warning signs shall not be increased unnecessarily, but such signs shall be sited to give warning of possible road hazards which are difficult for a driver proceeding with due caution to perceive in time.
3. Danger warning signs shall be placed at such distance from the danger point as will make them most effective both by day and by night, having regard to road and traffic conditions, including the normal speed of vehicles and the distance at which the sign is visible.
4. The distance between the sign and the beginning of a dangerous section of road may be shown in an additional panel H, 1 of Annex 1, section H to this Convention and placed in accordance with the provisions of that section; this information must be given when the distance between the sign and the beginning of the dangerous section of road cannot be judged by drivers and is not what they might normally expect.
5. Danger warning signs may be repeated, particulary on motorways and roads treated as motorways. Where they are repeated, the distance between the sign and the beginning of the dangerous section of road shall be shown in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 4 of this Article. However, with respect to danger warning signs giving warning of swing bridges and level crossings, it shall be open to Contracting Parties to apply the following provisions:
A rectangular panel having its longer sides vertical and bearing three oblique red bars on a white or yellow ground may be placed below any danger warning sign bearing one of the symbols A, 5; A, 25; A, 26 or A, 27 described in Annex 1, section A, subsection II, paragraphs 5, 25, 26 and 27 to this Convention, provided that additional signs consisting of panels of the same shape bearing respectively one or two oblique red bars on a white or yellow ground are set up at about one-third and two-thirds of the distance between the sign and the railway line. These signs may be repeated on the opposite side of the carriageway. The panels mentioned in this paragraph are further depicted in section A, subsection II, paragraph 29 of Annex 1 to this Convention.
6. If a danger warning sign is used to give warning of a danger on a section of road of some length (e.g. a series of dangerous bends or a section of carriageway in bad condition) and if it is considered desirable to show the lenght of that section, this shall be done on an additional panel H, 2 of Annex 1, section H to this Convention, placed in accordance with the provisions of that section.

1. The signs for notifying or informing road-users of the special rules of priority at intersections are signs B, 1; B, 2; B, 3 and B, 4. The signs for informing road-users of a rule of priority on narrow sections of road are signs B, 5 and B, 6. These signs are described in Annex 1, section B to this Convention.
2. Sign B, 1 “GIVE WAY”, shall be used to notify drivers that, at the intersection where the sign is placed, they must give way to vehicles on the road they are approaching.
3. Sign B, 2, “STOP”, shall be used to notify drivers that, at the intersection where the sign is placed, they shall stop before entering the intersection and give way to vehicles on the road they are approaching. In conformity with Article 46, paragraph 2, of this Convention, each State shall notify the Secretary-General whether it has selected B, 2a or B, 2b as the model for the “STOP” sign.
4. Sign B, 1 or B, 2 may be placed elsewhere than at an intersection if the competent authorities consider it necessary.
5. Signs B, 1 and B, 2 shall be placed at the intersection, if possible level with the point at which vehicles must stop or beyond which they must not pass when giving way.
6. To give advance warning of sign B, 1 the same sign supplemented by an additional panel H, 1, described in Annex 1, section H to the Convention, shall be used.
To give advance warning of sign B, 2, sign B, 1, supplemented by a rectangular panel bearing the ‘STOP’ symbol and a figure indicating the distance to the sign B, 2 shall be used.
7. Sign B, 3, “PRIORITY ROAD”, shall be used to notify users of a road that, at intersections of that road with other roads, the drivers of vehicles moving along or coming from such other roads are required to give way to vehicles moving along that road. This sign may be set up at the beginning of the road and repeated after each intersection; it may also be set up before or at the intersection. Where sign B, 3 has been set up on a road, sign B, 4, “END OF PRIORITY”, shall be placed at the approach to the point where the road ceases to have priority over other roads. Sign B, 4 may be repeated one or more times in advance of the point where the priority ends; the sign or signs set up in advance of that point shall then bear an additional panel H, 1 of Annex 1, section H.
8. If warning of an intersection is given on a road by a danger warning sign bearing one of the A, 19 symbols, or if at the intersection the road is a priority road and has been marked as such by signs B, 3 as provided in paragraph 7 of this Article, a sign B, 1 or B, 2 shall be placed at the intersection on all the other roads; however, the placing of signs B, 1 or B, 2 shall not be mandatory on roads such as paths or earth-tracks where drivers are required to give way at the intersection even in the absence of such signs. A sign B, 2 shall be set up only if the competent authorities consider it advisable to require drivers to stop, in particular because of the poor visibility, for drivers, of the sections of the road, on either side of the intersection, which they are approaching.

Section C of Annex 1 to this Convention describes the prohibitory and restrictive signs and gives their meaning. It also describes the signs notifying the end of these prohibitions and restrictions or of any one of them.

Section D of Annex 1 to this Convention describes the mandatory signs and gives their meaning.

1. Prohibitory, restrictive and mandatory signs shall be placed in the immediate vicinity of the point where the obligation, restriction or prohibition begins and may be repeated if the competent authorities consider it necessary. Nevertheless, if the competent authorities consider it advisable for reasons of visibility or in order to give users advance warning, these signs may be placed at a suitable distance in advance of the point where the obligation, restriction or prohibition applies. An additional pannel H, 1 of Annex 1, section H shall be placed under signs set up in advance of the point where the obligation, restriction or prohibition applies.
2. Regulatory signs placed level with or shortly after a sign indicating the beginning of a built-up area shall mean that the rule applies throughout the built-up area, unless a different rule is notified by other signs on certain sections of the road in the built-up area.
3. Prohibitory and restrictive signs shall apply as from the place they are displayed until the point where a contrary sign is displayed, otherwise until the next intersection. If the prohibition or restriction should continue to be applied after the intersection the sign shall be repeated in accordance with provisions in domestic legislation.
4. Where a regulatory sign applies to all roads in a zone (zonal validity), it shall be displayed in the way described in Annex 1, section E, subsection II, paragraph 8 a) to this Convention.
5. The exit from the zones referred to in paragraph 4 above shall be indicated in the way described in Annex 1, section E, subsection II, paragraph 8 b) to this Convention.

1. Section E of Annex 1 to this Convention describes the special regulation signs and gives their meaning.
2. Signs E, 7a; E, 7b; E, 7c or E, 7d and E, 8a; E, 8b; E, 8c or E, 8d shall notify road-users that the general regulations governing traffic in built-up areas in the territory of the State apply from signs E, 7a; E, 7b; E, 7c; or E, 7d to signs E, 8a; E, 8b; E, 8c; or E, 8d except in so far as different regulations may be notified by other signs on certain sections of road in the built-up area. However, sign B, 4 shall always be placed on a priority road marked with sign B, 3 if that road ceases to have priority where it passes through the built-up area. The provisions of Article 14, paragraphs 2, 3 and 4 apply to this signs.
2 bis. Sign E, 11a shall be used for tunnels of 1,000 m or more and in cases provided for by domestic legislation. For tunnels of 1,000 m or more, the length shall be included either in the lower part of the sign, or on an additional panel H, 2, as described in Annex 1, section H. The name of the tunnel may be indicated according to Article 8, paragraph 3 of this Convention.
3. Signs E, 12a; E, 12b or E, 12c shall be placed at pedestrian crossings when the competent autorities consider it advisable.a; E, 12b or E, 12c shall be placed at pedestrian crossings when the competent autorities consider it advisable.
4. The special regulation signs shall be set up, with due regard for the requirements of Article 6, paragraph 1, only where the competent authorities consider it essential. They may be repeated; an additional panel placed below the sign may show the distance between the sign and the point which it indicates; this distance may also be inscribed on the lower part of the sign itself.

1. Sections F and G of Annex 1 to this Convention describe the signs which convey useful information to road-users, or give examples of such signs, and also give some instructions for their use.
2. The inscription of words on informative signs (ii) of Article 5, paragraph 1 c), in countries not using the Latin alphabet shall be both in the national language and in the form of a transliteration into the Latin alphabet reproducing as closely as possible the pronunciation in the national language.
3. In countries not using the Latin alphabet, the words in Latin characters may be entered either on the same sign as the words in the national language or on a repeat sign.
4. A sign shall not bear inscriptions in more than two languages.

Advance direction signs shall be placed at such distance from the intersection as will make them most effective both by day and by night, having regard to road and traffic conditions, including the normal speed of vehicles and the distance at which the sign is visible; this distance need not exceed about 50 metres (55 yards) in built-up areas but shall be not less than 500 metres (550 yards) on motorways and other roads carrying fast traffic. The signs may be repeated. An additional panel placed below the sign may show the distance between the sign and the intersection; this distance may also be shown on the lower part of the sign itself.

1. One direction sign may bear the names of several places; the names shall then appear one below the other on the sign. The letters used for one place-name may be larger than those used for the others only if the place in question is the largest of them.
2. When distances are shown, the figures expressing them shall be inscribed at the same height as the place name. On direction signs which are arrow-shaped, these figures shall be placed between the place-name and the point of the arrow; on rectangular-shaped signs they shall be placed after the place-name.

The signs used to identify roads either by their number, made up of figures, letters or a combination of figures and letters, or by their name, shall consist of that number or that name framed in a rectangle or shield. However, Contracting Parties having a route classification system may replace the rectangle by a route classification symbol.

Place identification signs may be used to show the frontier between two countries or the boundary between two administrative divisions of the same country or the name of a river, mountain pass, beauty spot, etc. These signs shall differ conspicuously from the signs referred to in Article 13 bis, paragraph 2, of this Convention.

Confirmatory signs are used to confirm the direction of a road where the competent authorities consider it necessary, e.g. at the exit from a large built-up area. They shall bear the name of one or more places, as provided in Article 16, paragraph 1, of this Convention. Where distances are shown, the figures expressing them shall be placed after the name of the locality.

1. The informative signs referred to in Articles 15 to 19 of this Convention shall be set up where the competent authorities consider it advisable. The other informative signs shall be set up, with due regard for the requirements of Article 6, paragraph 1, only where the competent authorities consider it essential; in particular, signs F, 2 to F, 7 shall be set up only on roads on which facilities for emergency repairs, refuelling, accommodation and refreshments are rare.
2. Informative signs may be repeated. An additional panel placed below the sign may show the distance between the sign and the point which it indicates; this distance may also be inscribed on the lower part of the sign itself.

1. Subject to the provisions of paragraph 12 of this Article, the only lights which may be used as light signals for regulating vehicle traffic, other than those intended solely for public transport vehicles, are the following, which shall have the meanings here assigned to them:
(a) Non-flashing lights: (i) A green light shall mean that traffic may proceed; however, a green light for controlling traffic at an intersection shall not authorize drivers to proceed if traffic is so congested in the direction in which they are about to proceed that if they entered the intersection they would probably not have cleared it by the next change of phase;
(ii) A red light shall mean that traffic may not proceed; vehicles shall not pass the stop line or, if there is no stop line, shall not pass beyond the level of the signal or, if the signal is placed in the middle or on the opposite side of an intersection, shall not enter the intersection or move on to a pedestrian crossing at the intersection;
(iii) An amber light, which shall appear alone or at the same time as the red light; when appearing alone it shall mean that no vehicle may pass the stop line or beyond the level of the signal unless it is so close to the stop line or signal when the light appears that it cannot safely be stopped before passing the stop line or beyond the level of the signal. Where the signal is placed in the middle or on the opposite side of an intersection the appearance of the amber light shall mean that no vehicle may enter the intersection or move on to a pedestrian crossing at the intersection unless it is so close to the crossing or the intersection when the light appears that it cannot be safely stopped before entering the intersection or moving on to the pedestrian crossing. When shown at the same time as the red light, it shall mean that the signal is about to change, but shall not affect the prohibition of passing indicated by the red light;
(i) A green light shall mean that traffic may proceed; however, a green light for controlling traffic at an intersection shall not authorize drivers to proceed if traffic is so congested in the direction in which they are about to proceed that if they entered the intersection they would probably not have cleared it by the next change of phase;
(ii) A red light shall mean that traffic may not proceed; vehicles shall not pass the stop line or, if there is no stop line, shall not pass beyond the level of the signal or, if the signal is placed in the middle or on the opposite side of an intersection, shall not enter the intersection or move on to a pedestrian crossing at the intersection;
(iii) An amber light, which shall appear alone or at the same time as the red light; when appearing alone it shall mean that no vehicle may pass the stop line or beyond the level of the signal unless it is so close to the stop line or signal when the light appears that it cannot safely be stopped before passing the stop line or beyond the level of the signal. Where the signal is placed in the middle or on the opposite side of an intersection the appearance of the amber light shall mean that no vehicle may enter the intersection or move on to a pedestrian crossing at the intersection unless it is so close to the crossing or the intersection when the light appears that it cannot be safely stopped before entering the intersection or moving on to the pedestrian crossing. When shown at the same time as the red light, it shall mean that the signal is about to change, but shall not affect the prohibition of passing indicated by the red light;
(b) Flashing lights: (i) A red flashing light, or two red lights flashing alternately, one light appearing when the other is extinguished, and mounted on the same support, at the same height, and facing the same direction shall mean that vehicles shall not pass the stop line or, if there is no stop line, shall not pass beyond the level of the signal; these lights may be used only at level-crossings, at approaches to swing bridges or ferry-boat landing stages, and to indicate that traffic may not proceed because of fire-fighting vehicles entering the road or of the approach of an aircraft which will cross the road at a low altitude;
(ii) A single amber flashing light or two amber lights flashing alternately shall mean that drivers may proceed but shall do so with particular care.
(i) A red flashing light, or two red lights flashing alternately, one light appearing when the other is extinguished, and mounted on the same support, at the same height, and facing the same direction shall mean that vehicles shall not pass the stop line or, if there is no stop line, shall not pass beyond the level of the signal; these lights may be used only at level-crossings, at approaches to swing bridges or ferry-boat landing stages, and to indicate that traffic may not proceed because of fire-fighting vehicles entering the road or of the approach of an aircraft which will cross the road at a low altitude;
(ii) A single amber flashing light or two amber lights flashing alternately shall mean that drivers may proceed but shall do so with particular care.
2. The signals of the three-colour system shall consist of three non-flashing lights, which shall be red, amber and green respectively; the green light shall appear only when the red and amber lights are extinguished.
3. The signals of the two-colour system shall consist of a non flashing red light and a non-flashing green light. The red light and the green light shall not appear at the same time. Signals of the two-colour system shall be used only in temporary installations, subject to the period allowed under Article 3, paragraph 3, of the Convention for the replacement of existing installations.
3 bis. a) The provisions of Article 6, paragraphs 1, 2 and 3, of the Convention which relate to road signs shall apply to traffic light signals other than those used at level-crossings.
b) Traffic light signals at intersections shall be placed before the intersection or in the middle of and above it; they may be repeated at the far side of the intersection and/or at the driver's eye level.
c) In addition, it is recommended that domestic legislation should provide that traffic light signals: (i) Shall be so placed as not to impede vehicles moving in traffic on the carriageway and, in the case of signals set up on verges, as to impede pedestrians as little as possible;
(ii) Shall be easily visible from a distance and readily understandable as they are approached; and
(iii) Shall be standardized in the territory of each Contracting Party for the various categories of roads.
(i) Shall be so placed as not to impede vehicles moving in traffic on the carriageway and, in the case of signals set up on verges, as to impede pedestrians as little as possible;
(ii) Shall be easily visible from a distance and readily understandable as they are approached; and
(iii) Shall be standardized in the territory of each Contracting Party for the various categories of roads.
4. The lights of the three-colour and two-colour systems referred to in paragraphs 2 and 3 of this Article shall be arranged vertically or horizontally.
5. Where the lights are arranged vertically, the red light shall be placed uppermost; where the lights are arranged horizontally, the red light shall be placed on the side opposite to that appropriate to the direction of traffic.
6. In the three-colour system, the amber light shall be placed in the middle.
7. All the lights in the signals of the three-colour and two-colour systems referred to in paragraphs 2 and 3 of this Article shall be circular. The red flashing lights referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article shall likewise be circular.
8. A flashing amber light may be installed alone; such a light may also be used in place of a three-colour system at times when traffic is light.
9. In a three-colour system, the red, amber and green lights may be replaced by arrows of the same colour on a black background. When lighted up, these arrows have the same significance as the lights, but the prohibition or authorization is restricted to the direction or directions indicated by the arrow or arrows. Arrows signifying that traffic may or may not proceed straight ahead shall point upwards. Black arrows on a red, amber or green background may be used. These arrows have the same significance as the above-mentioned arrows.
10. Where a signal of a three-colour system includes one or more additional green lights showing one or more arrows, the lighting of such additional arrow or arrows shall, no matter what phase the three-colour system may be in at the time, mean that traffic may proceed in the direction or directions indicated by the arrow or arrows; it shall also mean that, when vehicles are in a lane reserved for traffic in the direction indicated by the arrow or the direction such traffic is required to take, their drivers must proceed in the direction indicated if by stopping they would obstruct the movement of vehicles behind them in the same lane, provided always that vehicles in the traffic stream they are joining must be allowed to pass and that pedestrians must not be endangered. These additional green lights should preferably be placed at the same level as the normal green light.
11. a) Where green or red lights are placed above traffic lanes shown by longitudinal markings on a carriageway having more than two lanes, the red light shall mean that traffic may not proceed along the lane over which it is placed and the green light shall mean that traffic may so proceed. The red light thus placed shall be in the form of two inclined crossed bars and the green light in the form of an arrow pointing downwards.
b) When the competent authorities judge it necessary to introduce an 'intermediate' or 'transition' signal for the light signals, it should be in the form of an amber or white arrow pointing diagonally downwards to the left or to the right, or two such arrows, one pointing in each direction; these arrows may be flashing. These amber or white arrows mean that the lane is about to be closed to traffic and that the road-users on that lane must move over to the lane indicated by the arrow.
12. Domestic legislation may provide for the installation at certain level-crossings of a slow-flashing lunar white light meaning that traffic may proceed.
13. In cases where traffic light signals apply to cyclists only, this restriction may be clarified, if to do so is necessary in order to avoid confusion, by including the silhouette of a cycle in the signal itself or by using a signal of small size supplemented by a rectangular plate showing a cycle.

1. The only lights which may be used as light signals for pedestrians only are the following, which shall have the meanings here assigned to them:
(a) Non-flashing lights: (i) A green light shall mean that pedestrians may cross;
(ii) An amber light shall mean that pedestrians may not cross, but that those already on the carriageway may continue to the other side;
(iii) A red light shall mean that pedestrians may not enter the carriageway;
(i) A green light shall mean that pedestrians may cross;
(ii) An amber light shall mean that pedestrians may not cross, but that those already on the carriageway may continue to the other side;
(iii) A red light shall mean that pedestrians may not enter the carriageway;
(b) Flashing lights: a flashing green light shall mean that the period during which pedestrians may cross the carriageway is about to end and the red light is about to appear.
2. Light signals for pedestrians shall preferably be of the two-colour system, comprising two lights, red and green respectively; however, they may be of the three-colour system, comprising three lights, red, amber and green respectively. Two lights shall never be shown simultaneously.
3. The lights shall be arranged vertically, with the red light always at the top and the green light always at the bottom. The red light shall preferably be in the form of a standing pedestrian or of standing pedestrians and the green light in the form of a walking pedestrian or of walking pedestrians.
4. Light signals for pedestrians shall be so designed and arranged as to exclude any possibility of their being mistaken by drivers for light signals for vehicular traffic.
5. Light signals for pedestrians may be supplemented by audible or tactile signals at pedestrian crossings to facilitate crossings of the carriageway by blind pedestrians.

Carriageway markings (road markings) shall be used, when the competent authority considers it necessary, to regulate traffic or to warn of guide road-users. They may be used either alone or in conjunction with other signs or signals to emphasize of clarify their meaning.

1. A longitudinal marking consisting of a continuous line on the carriageway shall mean that vehicles are not permitted to cross or straddle that line and, when the line separates the two directions of traffic, that vehicles are not permitted to travel on that side of the line which, for the driver, is opposite to the edge of the carriageway appropriate to the direction of traffic. A longitudinal marking consisting of two continuous lines shall have the same meaning.
2. (a) A longitudinal marking consisting of a broken line on the carriageway shall not have a prohibitory meaning, but shall be used either: (i) To demarcate lanes for the purpose of guiding traffic; or
(ii) To give warning of the approach to a continuous line and the prohibition that line conveys, or of the approach to another section of road presenting a particular danger.
(i) To demarcate lanes for the purpose of guiding traffic; or
(ii) To give warning of the approach to a continuous line and the prohibition that line conveys, or of the approach to another section of road presenting a particular danger.
(b) The ratio between the length of the gaps between the strokes and the length of the strokes shall be substantially smaller where broken lines are used for the purposes referred to in sub-paragraph (a) (ii) of this paragraph than where they are used for the purpose referred to in sub-paragraph (a) (i) thereto.
(c) Double broken lines may be used to delineate a lane or lanes in which the direction of the traffic flow may be reversed in conformity with Article 23, paragraph 11, of this Convention.
3. Where a longitudinal marking consists of a continuous line adjacent to a broken line on the carriageway, drivers shall take account only of the line that appears on their side. This provision shall prevent drivers who have overtaken in the manner permitted from resuming their normal position on the carriageway.
4. For the purposes of this article, longitudinal lines used to mark the edges of the carriageway in order to make them more visible, longitudinal lines connected to transverse lines used to demarcate parking spaces on the carriageway, and longitudinal lines showing a prohibition or restrictions on standing or parking shall not be regarded as longitudinal markings.

1. The marking of lanes reserved for certain categories of vehicles, including cycle lanes, shall be by means of lines which should be clearly distinguished from other continuous or broken lines on the carriageway, notably by being wider and with less space between strokes.
2. When a lane is reserved for regular public transport service vehicles the worded road marking shall be the word 'BUS' or the letter 'A'. The sign indicating such a line shall be of the square type described in annex 1, section E, or of the round type described in annex 1, section D, of the present Convention, showing the white symbol of a bus on a blue ground. Diagrams A, 58a and A, 58b shown in annex 2 to this Convention are examples of markings for a lane reserved for regular public transport service vehicles.
3. Domestic legislation shall specify under what conditions other vehicles may use or go across the lane referred to in paragraph 1.

1. A transverse marking consisting of a continuous line across one or more traffic lanes shall mark the line behind which drivers are required by the sign B, 2, “STOP”, referred to in Article 10, paragraph 3, of this Convention, to stop. Such a marking may also be used to show the line behind which drivers may be required to stop by a light signal, or by a signal given by an authorized official directing traffic, or before a level-crossing. The word “STOP” may be marked on the carriageway in advance of the markings accompanying sign B, 2.
2. Unless this is technically impossible, the transverse marking described in paragraph 1 of this Article shall be placed on the carriageway wherever a sign B, 2 is set up.
3. A transverse marking consisting of a broken line across one or more traffic lanes shall show the line which vehicles may not normally pass when giving way in compliance with the sign B, 1 “GIVE WAY”, referred to in Article 10, paragraph 2, of this Convention. In advance of such a marking, a triangle with broad sides, having one side parallel to the marking and the opposite vertex pointing towards approaching vehicles, may be marked on the carriageway to symbolize sign B, 1.
4. To mark pedestrian crossings, relatively broad stripes, parallel to the axis of the carriageway, should preferably be used.
5. To mark cyclist crossings, either transverse lines, or other markings which cannot be confused with those of pedestrian crossings, shall be used.

1. Other markings on the carriageway, such as arrows, parallel or oblique stripes, or inscriptions, may be used to repeat the instructions given by signs or to give road-users information which cannot be suitably conveyed by signs. Such markings shall be used, in particular, to show the boundaries of parking zones or strips, to mark bus or trolleybus stops where parking is prohibited, and for pre-selection before intersections. However, if there is an arrow on the carriageway where it is divided into traffic lanes by means of longitudinal markings, drivers shall follow the direction or one of the directions indicated in the lane along which they are travelling.
2. Subject to the provisions of Article 27, paragraph 4 of this Convention which relate to pedestrian crossings, the marking of part of the level of the carriageway by parallel oblique stripes framed by a continuous line, or by broken lines, shall, in the case of areas framed by a continuous line, mean that vehicles must not enter that area, and in the case of areas framed by broken lines, that vehicles shall not enter that area unless it can be seen that it is safe to do so or in order to turn into a joining road on the opposite side of the carriageway.
3. A zigzag line at the side of the carriageway shall mean that parking on that side of the carriageway is prohibited as far as the line extends. Such line possibly together with the word ‘BUS’ or with the letter ‘A’ may be used to indicate a bus or trolleybus stop.

1. The road markings mentioned in Articles 26 to 28 of this Convention may be painted on the carriageway or applied in any other way provided that it is equally effective.
2. If road markings are painted, they shall be yellow or white; however, blue may be used for markings showing places where parking is permitted but subject to some conditions or restrictions (limit of duration, payment, category of user, etc.). When both yellow and white are used in the territory of a Contracting Party, markings of the same class shall be of the same colour. For the purposes of this paragraph, the term “white” shall include shades of silver or light grey.
3. In tracing out the inscriptions, symbols and arrows of road markings, account shall be taken of the need to elongate them considerably in the direction of movement of traffic, because of the very narrow angle at which they are seen by drivers.
4. Road markings intended for moving vehicles shall be easily recognized in good time by drivers. They must be visible during the day and at night. It is recommended that such markings, especially in areas where lighting is insufficient, be retroreflective.

1. When permanent road markings are to be modified for a specific period, in particular because of road works or diversions, temporary markings shall be applied in colours different from the colours used for permanent markings.
2. Temporary markings shall take precedence over permanent markings and road users are required to conform to them. When the simultaneous presence of permanent and temporary road markings could be a source of confusion, the permanent markings shall be covered over or removed.
3. Temporary markings shall preferably be retroreflective and may be supplemented by beacons, cats eyes or reflectors with a view to improving traffic guidance.

Annex 2 to this Convention is a set of recommendations relating to the layout and design of road markings.

1. (a) Where a signalling system is installed at a level-crossing to give warning of the approach of trains or of the imminent closing of the gates (barriers) or half-gates (half-barriers), it shall consist of a red flashing light or of red lights flashing alternately, as specified in Article 23, paragraph 1 (b), of this Convention. However: (i) Flashing red lights may be supplemented or replaced by light signals of the three-colour red-amber-green system described in Article 23, paragraph 2, of this Convention, or by such a signal without the green light, if other three-colour light signals are installed on the road near the level-crossing or if the crossing is equipped with gates;
(ii) On earth-tracks (dirt roads) where traffic is very light and on footpaths, only a sound signal need be used.
(i) Flashing red lights may be supplemented or replaced by light signals of the three-colour red-amber-green system described in Article 23, paragraph 2, of this Convention, or by such a signal without the green light, if other three-colour light signals are installed on the road near the level-crossing or if the crossing is equipped with gates;
(ii) On earth-tracks (dirt roads) where traffic is very light and on footpaths, only a sound signal need be used.
(b) The light signals may be supplemented by a sound signal in all cases.
2. The light signals shall be installed on the edge of the carriageway appropriate to the direction of traffic; whenever conditions such as the visibility of the signals or the density of traffic so require, the lights shall be repeated on the other side of the road. However, if it is considered preferable because of local conditions, the lights may be repeated on an island in the middle of the carriageway, or placed above the carriageway.
3. In accordance with Article 10, paragraph 4, of this Convention, sign B, 2, “STOP”, may be set up at a level-crossing which has neither gates, half-gates nor light signals giving warning of the approach of trains; at level-crossings where this sign is displayed, drivers shall stop at the stop line or, in the absence of such a line, level with the sign and not move off again until they have ascertained that no train is approaching.

1. At level-crossings equipped with gates or staggered half-gates on either side of the railway line, the presence of such gates or half-gates across the road shall mean that no road-user may proceed beyond the nearest gate or half-gate; the movement of gates towards a position across the road and the movement of half gates shall have the same meaning.
2. The showing of the red light or lights mentioned in Article 33, paragraph 1 sub-paragraph (a), of this Convention, or the operation of the sound signal mentioned in the said paragraph 1, shall likewise mean that no road-user may proceed beyond the stop line or, if there is no stop line, beyond the level of the signal. The showing of the amber light of the three-colour system mentioned in Article 33, paragraph 1 (a) (i), shall mean that no road-user may proceed beyond the stop line or, if there is no stop line, beyond the level of the signal, unless the vehicle concerned is so close to the signal when the amber light appears that it cannot safely be stopped before passing the signal.

1. The gates and half-gates of level-crossings shall be clearly marked in alternate stripes of red and white, red and yellow, black and white, or black and yellow. They may, however, be coloured white or yellow only, provided that a large red disc is displayed at the centre.
2. At all level-crossings which have neither gates nor half-gates there shall be placed, in the immediate vicinity of the railway line, sign A, 28 as described in Annex 1, section A. If there is a light signal giving warning of the approach of trains or sign B, 2 ‘STOP’, sign A, 28 shall be placed on the same support as the light signal or sign B, 2. Placing of sign A, 28 is not mandatory at:
(a) An intersection between a road and a railway track at which rail traffic proceeds very slowly and road traffic is regulated by a railwayman making the necessary hand signals; or
(b) An intersection between a railway track and either an earth-track (dirt road) where traffic is very light, or a footpath.

1. Because of the special danger presented by level-crossings, the Contracting Parties undertake:
(a) To have one of the danger warning signs bearing one of the symbols A, 25; A, 26 or A, 27 placed in advance of all level-crossings; however, no sign needs to be set up (i) In special cases which may arise in built-up areas;
(ii) On earth-tracks (dirt roads) and paths where power-driven vehicular traffic is exceptional;
(i) In special cases which may arise in built-up areas;
(ii) On earth-tracks (dirt roads) and paths where power-driven vehicular traffic is exceptional;
(b) To have all level-crossings equipped with gates or half-gates or with a signal giving warning of the approach of trains, unless road-users can see the railway line on both sides of the level-crossing for such a distance that, allowing for the maximum speed of the trains, the driver of a road vehicle approaching the railway line from either side has time to stop before proceeding on the level-crossing if a train is in sight, and in addition that road-users who are already on the crossing when a train appears have time to reach the other side; however, it shall be open to the Contracting Parties to derogate from the provisions of this sub-paragraph at level-crossings where trains travel relatively slowly or power-driven vehicular traffic on the road is light;
(c) To have every level-crossing having gates or half-gates operated from a position from which such gates or half-gates cannot be seen equipped with one of the systems for signalling the approach of trains referred to in Article 33, paragraph 1, of this Convention;
(d) To have every level-crossing having gates or half-gates operated automatically by the approach of trains equipped with one of the systems for signalling the approach of trains referred to in Article 33, paragraph 1, of this Convention;
(e) In order to make gates and half-gates more visible, to have them equipped with reflecting material or reflecting devices and, if need be, to illuminate them at night; in addition, on roads where is heavy motor traffic at night, to equip the danger warning signs installed in advance of the level-crossing with reflecting material or reflecting devices and, if need be, to illuminate them at night;
(f) Wherever possible, near level-crossings equipped with halfgates to have a longitudinal marking placed in the middle of the carriageway prohibiting vehicles which approach the level-crossing from encroaching on the half of the carriageway reserved for traffic in the opposite direction or even to install directional islands separating the two opposed streams of traffic.
2. The provisions of this Article shall not apply in the cases referred to in the last sentence of Article 35, paragraph 2, of this Convention.

1. This Convention shall be open at United Nations Headquarters, New York, until 31 December 1969 for signature by all States Members of the United Nations or of any of the specialized agencies or of the International Atomic Energy Agency or Parties to the Statute of the International Court of Justice, and by any other State invited by the General Assembly of the United Nations to become a Party to the Convention.
2. This Convention is subject to ratification. The instruments of ratification shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations.
3. This Convention shall remain open for accession by any of the States referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article. The instruments of accession shall be deposited with the Secretary-General.

1. Any State may, at the time of signing or ratifying this Convention, or of acceding thereto, or at any time thereafter, declare by notification addressed to the Secretary-General that the Convention shall become applicable to all or any of the territories for the international relations of which it is responsible. The Convention shall become applicable to the territory or territories named in the notification thirty days after the receipt of the notification by the Secretary-General or on the date of entry into force of the Convention for the State making the notification, whichever is the later.
2. Any State which makes a notification under paragraph 1 of this Article shall notify on behalf of the territories on whose behalf that notification was made the declarations provided for in Article 46 paragraph 2 of this Convention.
3. Any State which has made a declaration under paragraph 1 of this Article may at any time thereafter declare by notification addressed to the Secretary-General that the Convention shall cease to be applicable to the territory named in the notification and the Convention shall cease to be applicable to such territory one year from the date of receipt by the Secretary-General of the notification.

1. This Convention shall enter into force twelve months after the date of deposit of the fifteenth instrument of ratification or accession.
2. For each State ratifying or acceding to this Convention after the deposit of the fifteenth instrument of ratification or accession, the Convention shall enter into force twelve months after the date of deposit by such State of its instrument of ratification or accession.

Upon its entry into force, this Convention shall terminate and replace, in relations between the Contracting Parties, the Convention concerning the Unification of Road Signals, opened for signature at Geneva on 30 March 1931, or the Protocol on Road Signs and Signals, opened for signature at Geneva on 19 September 1949.

1. After this Convention has been in force for one year, any Contracting Party may propose one or more amendments to the Convention. The text of any proposed amendment, accompanied by an explanatory memorandum, shall be transmitted to the Secretary-General, who shall communicate it to all Contracting Parties. The Contracting Parties shall have the opportunity of informing him within a period of twelve months following the date of its circulation whether they: (a) accept the amendment; or (b) reject the amendment; or (c) wish that a conference be convened to consider the amendment. The Secretary-General shall also transmit the text of the proposed amendment to all other States referred to in Article 37, paragraph 1 of this Convention.
2. (a) Any proposed amendment communicated in accordance with the preceding paragraph shall be deemed to be accepted if within the period of twelve months referred to in the preceding paragraph less than one-third of the Contracting Parties inform the Secretary-General that they either reject the amendment or wish that a conference be convened to consider it. The Secretary-General shall notify all Contracting Parties of each acceptance or rejection of any proposed amendment and of requests that a conference be convened. If the total number of such rejections and requests received during the specified period of twelve months is less than one-third of the total number of Contracting Parties, the Secretary-General shall notify all Contracting Parties that the amendment will enter into force six months after the expiry of the period of twelve months referred to in the preceding paragraph for all Contracting Parties except those which, during the period specified, have rejected the amendment or requested the convening of a conference to consider it.
(b) Any Contracting Party which, during the said period of twelve months, has rejected a proposed amendment or requested the convening of a conference to consider it may at any time after the end of such period notify the Secretary-General that it accepts the amendment, and the Secretary-General shall communicate such notification to all the other Contracting Parties. The amendment shall enter into force, with respect to the Contracting Parties which have notified their acceptance, six months after receipt by the Secretary-General of their notification.
3. If a proposed amendment has not been accepted in accordance with paragraph 2 of this Article and if within the period of twelve months specified in paragraph 1 of this Article less than half of the total number of Contracting Parties inform the Secretary-General that they reject the proposed amendment and if at least one-third of the total number of Contracting Parties, but not less than ten, inform him that they accept it or wish a conference to be convened to consider it, the Secretary-General shall convene a conference for the purpose of considering the proposed amendment or any other proposal which may be submitted to him in accordance with paragraph 4 of this Article.
4. If a conference is convened in accordance with paragraph 3 of this Article, the Secretary-General shall invite to it all States referred to in Article 37, paragraph 1 of this Convention. He shall request all States invited to the conference to submit to him, at least six months before its opening date, any proposals which they may wish the conference to consider in addition to the proposed amendment and shall communicate such proposals, at least three months before the opening date of the conference, to all States invited to the conference.
5. (a) Any amendment to this Convention shall be deemed to be accepted if it has been adopted by a two-thirds majority of the States represented at the Conference, provided that such majority comprises at least two-thirds of the number of Contracting Parties represented at the conference. The Secretary-General shall notify all Contracting Parties of the adoption of the amendment, and the amendment shall enter into force twelve months after the date of his notification of all Contracting Parties except those which during that period have notified the Secretary-General that they reject the amendment.
(b) A Contracting Party which has rejected an amendment during the said period of twelve months may at any time notify the Secretary-General, that it accepts the amendment, and the Secretary-General shall communicate such notification to all the other Contracting Parties. The amendment shall enter into force, with respect to the Contracting Party which has notified its acceptance, six months after receipt by the Secretary-General of the notification or at the end of the said period of twelve months, whichever is later.
6. If the proposed amendment is not deemed to be accepted pursuant to paragraph 2 of this Article and if the conditions prescribed by paragraph 3 of this Article for convening a conference are not fulfilled, the proposed amendment shall be deemed to be rejected.

Any Contracting Party may denounce this Convention by written notification to the Secretary-General. The denunciation shall take effect one year after the date of receipt by the Secretary-General of such notification.

This Convention shall cease to be in force if the number of Contracting Parties is less than five for any period of twelve consecutive months.

Any dispute between two or more Contracting Parties which relates to the interpretation or application of this Convention and which the Parties are unable to settle by negotiation or other means of settlement may be referred, at the request of any of the Contracting Parties concerned, to the International Court of Justice for decision.

Nothing in this Convention shall be construed as preventing a Contracting Party from taking such action, compatible with the provisions of the Charter of the United Nations and limited to the exigencies of the situation, as it considers necessary to its external or internal security.

1. Any State may, at the time of signing this Convention or of depositing its instrument of ratification or accession, declare that it does not consider itself bound by Article 44 of this Convention. Other Contracting Parties shall not be bound by Article 44 with respect to any Contracting Party which has made such a declaration.
2. (a) At the time of depositing its instrument of ratification or accession, every State shall, by notification addressed to the Secretary -General, declare for the purposes of the application of this Convention: (i) Which of the models Aa and Ab it chooses as a danger warning sign (Article 9, paragraph 1); and
(ii) Which of the models B, 2a and B, 2b it chooses as a stop sign (Article 10, paragraph 3). Any State may, subsequently, at any time, by notification addressed to the Secretary-General, alter its choice by replacing its declaration by another.
(i) Which of the models Aa and Ab it chooses as a danger warning sign (Article 9, paragraph 1); and
(ii) Which of the models B, 2a and B, 2b it chooses as a stop sign (Article 10, paragraph 3).
(b) At the time of depositing its instrument of ratification or accession, any State may, by notification addressed to the Secretary-General, declare that for the purposes of the application of this Convention it treats Mopeds as motor cycles (Article 1, (l). By notification addressed to the Secretary-General, any State may subsequently, at any time, withdraw its declaration.
3. The declarations provided for in paragraph 2 of this Article shall become effective six months after the date of receipt by the Secretary-General of notification of them or on the date on which the Convention enters into force for the State making the declaration, whichever is the later.
4. Reservations to this Convention and its annexes, other than the reservation provided for in paragraph 1 of this Article, shall be permitted on condition that they are formulated in writing and, if formulated before the deposit of the instrument of ratification or accession, are confirmed in that instrument. The Secretary-General shall communicate such reservations to all States referred to in Article 37, paragraph 1 of this Convention.
5. Any Contracting Party which has formulated a reservation or made a declaration under paragraphs 1 and 4 of this Article may withdraw it at any time by notification addressed to the Secretary-General.
6. A reservation made in accordance with paragraph 4 of this Article
(a) Modifies for the Contracting Party which made the reservation the provisions of the Convention to which the reservation relates, to the extent of the reservation;
(b) Modifies those provisions to the same extent for the other Contracting Parties in their relations with the Contracting Party which entered the reservation.

In addition to the declarations, notifications and communications provided for in Articles 41 and 46 of this Convention, the Secretary-General shall notify all the States referred to in Article 37, paragraph 1, of the following:
a) Signatures, ratifications and accessions under Article 37;
b) Declarations under Article 38;
c) The dates of entry into force of this Convention in accordance with Article 39;
d) The date of entry into force of amendments to this Convention in accordance with Article 41, paragraphs 2 and 5;
e) Denunciations under Article 42;
f) The termination of this Convention under Article 43.

The original of this Convention, of which the Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish texts done in a single copy are equally authentic, shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations, who shall send certified true copies thereof to all the States referred to in Article 37, paragraph 1, of this Convention.

1. The system prescribed in this Convention differentiates between the following classes of road signs:
(a) Danger warning signs: these signs are intended to warn road-users of a danger on the road and to inform them of its nature;
(b) Regulatory signs: these signs are intended to inform road-users of special obligations, restrictions or prohibitions with which they must comply; they are sub-divided into: (i) Priority signs;
(ii) Prohibitory or restrictive signs; and
(iii) Mandatory signs;
(iv) Special regulation signs.
(i) Priority signs;
(ii) Prohibitory or restrictive signs; and
(iii) Mandatory signs;
(iv) Special regulation signs.
c) Informative signs: These signs are intended to guide road-users while they are travelling or to provide them with other information which may be useful; they are subdivided into: (i) Information, facilities or service signs;
(ii) Direction, position or indication signs: Advance direction signs;
Direction signs;
Road identification signs;
Place identification signs;
Confirmatory signs;
Indication signs;
Advance direction signs;
Direction signs;
Road identification signs;
Place identification signs;
Confirmatory signs;
Indication signs;
(iii) Additional panels.
(i) Information, facilities or service signs;
(ii) Direction, position or indication signs: Advance direction signs;
Direction signs;
Road identification signs;
Place identification signs;
Confirmatory signs;
Indication signs;
Advance direction signs;
Direction signs;
Road identification signs;
Place identification signs;
Confirmatory signs;
Indication signs;
(iii) Additional panels.
2. Where this Convention allows a choice between several signs or several symbols,
(a) Contracting Parties undertake to adopt only one of such signs or symbols for the whole of their territories;
(b) Contracting Parties shall endeavour to reach regional agreements on the same choice;
(c) The provisions of Article 3, paragraph 3, of this Convention shall apply to signs and symbols of the types which are not chosen.

1. Signs shall be so placed that the drivers for whom they are intended can recognize them easily and in time. They shall normally be placed on the side of the road appropriate to the direction of traffic; they may, however, be placed or repeated above the carriage-way. Any sign placed on the side of the road appropriate to the direction of traffic shall be repeated above or on the other side of the carriageway if local conditions are such that it might not be seen in time by the drivers for whom it is intended.
2. All signs shall apply to the drivers for whom they are intended over the whole width of the carriageway open to traffic. However, signs may be made to apply to only one or to several lanes of the carriageway when lanes are defined by longitudinal markings.
In this case, one of the following three options shall be used:
a) The sign with, if necessary, the addition of a vertical arrow shall be placed above the lane concerned, or
b) The sign will be placed on the nearside edge of the carriageway when the road markings indicate without doubt that the sign applies solely to the traffic lane on the nearside of the carriageway and that the only purpose of this sign is to confirm a local regulation already indicated by means of road markings, or
c) Signs E, 1 or E, 2 described in Annex 1, section E, subsection II, paragraphs 1 and 2 to this Convention or signs G, 11 and G, 12 described in Annex 1, section G, subsection V, paragraphs 1 and 2 will be placed on the edge of the carrageway.
3. Where in the opinion of competent authorities a sign would be ineffective if placed on the verge of a road with separated carriage ways, it may be placed on the dividing strip and in this case need not be repeated on the verge.
4. It is recommended that domestic legislation should provide:
(a) That signs shall be so placed that they do not obstruct vehicular traffic on the carriageway, and, if placed on the verges, obstruct pedestrians as little as possible. The difference in level between the carriageway on the side where a sign is placed and the lower edge of the sign shall be as uniform as possible for signs of the same class on the same route;
(b) That the dimensions of sign panels shall be such that the sign is easily visible for a distance and can be easily understood by a person approaching it; subject to the provisions of sub-paragraph (c) of this paragraph, these dimensions shall be adapted to the normal speed of vehicles.
(c) That the dimensions of danger warning signs and of regulatory signs (except special regulation signs) shall be standardized in the territory of each Contracting Party. As a general rule, there shall be four sizes for each type of sign: small, normal, large and very large. Small signs shall be used where conditions do not permit the use of normal signs or where traffic can only move slowly; they may also be used to repeat a preceding sign. Large signs shall be used on very wide roads carrying high speed traffic. Very large signs shall be used on roads carrying very high-speed traffic, such as motorways.

1. It is recommended that domestic legislation provide that, in order to make them more visible and legible at night, road signs, in particular danger warning signs, regulatory signs and direction signs shall be lighted or retroreflective, provided that this does not result in road users being dazzled.
2. Contracting Parties may also allow the use of fluorescent materials; in this case they shall define which signs may make use of these materials.
3. Domestic legislation should draw up rules for the use of lighted, retroreflective and fluorescent signs. It should also specify the situations in which each class of retroreflective materials shall be used.
4. Dark or light graphic elements of different colours in the signs may be differentiated by means of contrasting light or dark narrow strips respectively.
5. Nothing in this Convention shall prohibit the use, for conveying information, warnings or rules applying only at certain times or on certain days, of signs which are visible only when the information they convey is relevant.

1. In order to facilitate international understanding of signs, the system of signs and signals prescribed in this Convention is based on the use of shapes and colours characteristic of each class of sign and, wherever possible, on the use of graphic symbols rather than inscriptions. Where Contracting Parties consider it necessary to modify the symbols prescribed, the modifications made shall not alter their essential characteristics.
1bis. In cases where variable message signs are used, the inscriptions and symbols reproduced on them must also conform to the system of signs and signals prescribed in this Convention. When, however, the technical requirements of a given type of system of signs and signals so warrant, particularly so as to ensure satisfactory legibility, and provided that no error of interpretation is possible, the prescribed dark-coloured signs or symbols may appear in a light colour, light-coloured backgrounds then being replaced by dark backgrounds. The red colour of the symbol of a sign and its border shall not be changed.
2. Contracting Parties wishing to adopt, in accordance with Article 3, paragraph l (a) (ii), of this Convention, any sign or symbol not prescribed in this Convention shall endeavour to secure regional agreement on such new sign or symbol.
3. Nothing in this Convention shall prohibit the addition, mainly in order to facilitate the interpretation of signs, of an inscription in a rectangular panel below the sign or in a rectangular panel containing the sign; such an inscription may also be placed on the sign itself, if this does not make the sign more difficult to understand for drivers who cannot understand the inscription.
4. Where the competent authorities consider it advisable to make the meaning of a sign or symbol more explicit or to limit the application of a sign to certain periods, this can be done by inscriptions on the sign as provided in Annex 1 to this Convention or on an additional panel. If regulatory signs are to be restricted to certain road users or if certain road users are to be exempt from the regulation, this is done through additional panels according to Annex 1, section H, paragraph 4 (panels H, 5a; H, 5b and H, 6).
5. The inscriptions referred to in paragraphs 3 and 4 of this Article shall be in the national language or in one or more of the national languages, and also, if the Contracting Party concerned considers it advisable, in other languages, in particular official languages of the United Nations.

1. In deel E van Bijlage 1 bij dit Verdrag worden de tekens beschreven die een bijzonder voorschrift inhouden en wordt hun betekenis verklaard.
2. De tekens E,7a, E,7b , E,7c of E,7d en E,8a, E,8b, E,8c of E,8d wijzen de weggebruikers op het feit dat de algemene bepalingen die op het grondgebied van de Staat het verkeer in de bebouwde kom regelen, van toepassing zijn vanaf de tekens E,7a, E,7b, E,7c of E,7d tot aan de tekens E,8a, E,8b, E,8c of E,8d, behoudens afwijkende voorschriften, aangeduid door andere tekens op bepaalde weggedeelten in de bebouwde kom. Teken B,4 wordt echter altijd geplaatst op een voorrangsweg die wordt aangegeven door middel van teken B,3 wanneer deze weg binnen de bebouwde kom ophoudt een voorrangsweg te zijn. De bepalingen van artikel 14, tweede, derde en vierde lid, zijn op deze tekens van toepassing.
2bis. Teken E, 11a moet worden gebruikt bij tunnels van 1000 m of meer en in de bij nationale wetgeving bepaalde gevallen. Bij tunnels van 1000 m of meer moet de lengte worden vermeld ofwel in het onderste gedeelte van het teken ofwel op een onderbord H, 2, als beschreven in Bijlage 1, Deel H. Overeenkomstig artikel 8, derde lid, van dit Verdrag mag de naam van de tunnel worden vermeld.
3. De tekens E,12a, E,12b of E,12c worden geplaatst bij voetgangersoversteekplaatsen indien het bevoegde gezag zulks raadzaam acht.
4. De tekens die een bijzonder voorschrift inhouden worden, met inachtneming van de vereisten van artikel 6, eerste lid, alleen geplaatst op plaatsen waar het bevoegde gezag dit noodzakelijk acht. Deze tekens mogen worden herhaald; door middel van een onderbord mag de afstand tussen het teken en het aangegeven punt worden vermeld; deze afstand mag ook op het onderste gedeelte van het teken zelf worden vermeld.

a). If the ‘GIVE WAY’ sign B, 1 is placed at the intersection, the symbol A, 20 shall be used at the approach.
b). If the ‘STOP’ sign B, 2 is placed at the intersection, the symbol used at the approach shall be A, 21a or A, 21b whichever corresponds to the model of sign B, 2 set up.
c). However, instead of sign Aa with these symbols, sign B, 1 or signs B, 2 may be used in conformity with Article 10, paragraph 6, of this Convention.

If traffic at the intersection is regulated by a light signal, a sign Aa or Ab, bearing symbol A, 17 described in paragraph 17 above may be set up to supplement or replace the signs described in paragraphs 18 to 21 above.

1. Het markeren van rijstroken die zijn voorbehouden aan bepaalde categorieën voertuigen, met inbegrip van fietsstroken, dient te geschieden door middel van strepen die zich duidelijk onderscheiden van andere doorgetrokken of onderbroken strepen op de rijbaan, met name door een grotere breedte van de streep en een kortere lengte van de onderbrekingen in de streep.
2. Indien een rijstrook is voorbehouden aan voertuigen voor geregelde openbaarvervoersdiensten, wordt dit op het wegdek aangegeven door middel van het opschrift ,BUS’ of de letter ,A’. Het teken dat een dergelijke rijstrook aanduidt, dient te zijn een vierkant teken zoals omschreven in Bijlage 1, Deel E, of een rond teken zoals omschreven in Bijlage 1, Deel D, bij dit Verdrag, met daarop het witte symbool van een bus op een blauw vlak. Diagrammen A,58a en A,58b in Bijlage 2 bij dit Verdrag zijn voorbeelden van markeringen voor een rijstrook die is voorbehouden aan voertuigen voor geregelde openbaarvervoersdiensten.
3. De nationale wetgeving bepaalt onder welke omstandigheden andere voertuigen van de in het eerste lid genoemde rijstrook gebruik mogen maken of deze mogen overschrijden.

1. Wanneer vast aangebrachte tekens op het wegdek voor een bepaald tijdvak moeten worden gewijzigd, in het bijzonder vanwege wegwerkzaamheden of omleidingen, moeten tijdelijke tekens worden aangebracht in kleuren die afwijken van de kleuren die voor vast aangebrachte tekens worden gebruikt.
2. Tijdelijk aangebrachte tekens gaan boven vast aangebrachte tekens en weggebruikers moeten zich hieraan conformeren. Wanneer de gelijktijdige aanwezigheid van vast en tijdelijk aangebrachte tekens tot verwarring kan leiden, moeten de vast aangebrachte tekens worden bedekt of verwijderd.
3. Tijdelijk aangebrachte tekens moeten bij voorkeur retroreflecterend zijn en mogen worden voorzien van bakens, kattenogen of reflectoren om de verkeersgeleiding te verbeteren.

1. The limits of road works on the carriageway shall be clearly shown.
2. Where the extent of the road works and the volume of traffic justify it, the limits of the works shall be marked by setting up continuous or discontinuous barriers painted with alternate red and white, red and yellow, black and white, or black and yellow stripes, and in addition, at night, if the barriers are not reflectorized, by lights and reflecting devices. Reflecting devices and fixed lights used for this purpose shall be red or dark yellow and flashing lights shall be dark yellow. However:
(a) Lights and devices visible only to traffic moving in one direction and marking the limits of road works on the opposite side of the road from that traffic may be white;
(b) Lights and devices marking the limits of road works separating the two directions of traffic may be white or light yellow.

Each Contracting Party shall adopt for the whole of its territory the same colour or the same system of colours for the lights or reflecting devices used to mark the edge of the carriageway.