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Except as otherwise provided in the Convention or in any international agreement which confers functions on the Assembly, the Council, the Maritime Safety Committee, the Legal Committee, the Marine Environment Protection Committee, the Technical Co-operation Committee, or the Facilitation Committee, the following provisions shall apply to voting in these organs:
a) Each Member shall have one vote.
b) Decisions shall be by a majority vote of the Members present and voting and, for decisions where a two-thirds majority vote is required, by a two-thirds majority vote of those present.
c) For the purpose of the Convention, the phrase “Members present and voting” means Members present and casting an affirmative or negative vote. Members which abstain from voting shall be considered as “not voting”.