Artikel 22

These are measures applied during combustion to reduce the formation of NOx. They include the control of combustion air ratio, flame temperature, fuel to air ratio, etc. The following combustion techniques, either singly or in combination, are available for new and existing installations. They are widely implemented in the power plant sector and in some areas of the industrial sector:
a) Low excess air combustion (LEA);1)Typical retrofit measures, with limited efficiency and applicability.
b) Reduced air preheat (RAP);1)Typical retrofit measures, with limited efficiency and applicability.
c) Burner-out-of-service (BOOS);1)Typical retrofit measures, with limited efficiency and applicability.
d) Biased-burner-firing (BBF);1)Typical retrofit measures, with limited efficiency and applicability.
e) Low NOx burners (LNB);1)Typical retrofit measures, with limited efficiency and applicability. and2)State-of-the-art in new plants.
f) Flue gas recirculation (FGR);3)Implemented in single large commercial plants; operational experience still limited.
g) Over fire air combustion (OFA);1)Typical retrofit measures, with limited efficiency and applicability. and2)State-of-the-art in new plants.
h) In-furnace-NOx-reduction reburning (IFNR);3)Implemented in single large commercial plants; operational experience still limited.
i) Water/steam injection and lean/premixed combination.4)For combustion turbines.