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The Parties shall encourage research, development, monitoring and cooperation, primarily focusing on the heavy metals listed in annex I, related, but not limited, to:
a) Emissions, long-range transport and deposition levels and their modelling, existing levels in the biotic and abiotic environment, the formulation of procedures for harmonizing relevant methodologies;
b) Pollutant pathways and inventories in representative ecosystems;
c) Relevant effects on human health and the environment, including quantification of those effects;
d) Best available techniques and practices and emission control techniques currently employed by the Parties or under development;
e) Collection, recycling and, if necessary, disposal of products or wastes containing one or more heavy metals;
f) Methodologies permitting consideration of socio-economic factors in the evaluation of alternative control strategies;
g) An effects-based approach which integrates appropriate information, including information obtained under subparagraphs a) to (f) above, on measured or modelled environmental levels, pathways, and effects on human health and the environment, for the purpose of formulating future optimized control strategies which also take into account economic and technological factors;
h) Alternatives to the use of heavy metals in products listed in annexes VI and VII;
i) Gathering information on levels of heavy metals in certain products, on the potential for emissions of those metals to occur during the manufacture, processing, distribution in commerce, use, and disposal of the product, and on techniques to reduce such emissions.