Overeenkomst tussen het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden en de Socialistische Republiek Vietnam inzake luchtdiensten tussen en via hun onderscheiden grondgebieden

For the purpose of this Agreement and its Annex, unless the context otherwise requires:
a) the term “the Convention” means the Convention on International Civil Aviation, opened for signature at Chicago on the seventh day of December 1944, and includes any Annex adopted under Article 90 of that Convention and any amendment of the Annexes or the Convention under Article 90 and 94 thereof, insofar as those Annexes and amendments have become effective for, or been ratified by both Contracting Parties;
b) the term “aeronautical authorities” means: for the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam, the Civil Aviation Authority of Viet Nam Ministry of Transport; for the Kingdom of the Netherlands, the Minister of Infrastructure and the Environment; or in either case any person or body authorized to perform any functions at present exercised by the said Minister or organization;
c) the term “designated airline” means an airline which has been designated and authorized in accordance with Article 4 of this Agreement;
d) the term “territory” in relation to a State means the land areas (mainland and islands), territorial waters adjacent thereto and the airspace covering the land areas and territorial waters under the sovereignty of that State;
e) the terms “air service”, “international air service”, “airline” and “stop for non-traffic purposes” have the meaning respectively assigned to them in Article 96 of the Convention;
f) the terms “agreed service” and “specified route” mean international air service pursuant to Article 2 of this Agreement and the route specified in the appropriate Section of the Annex to this Agreement respectively;
g) the term “stores” means articles of a readily consumable nature for use or sale on board an aircraft during flight, including commissary supplies;
h) the term “Agreement” means this Agreement, its Annex drawn up in application thereof, and any amendments to the Agreement or to the Annex;
i) the term “price” means any amount charged or to be charged by airlines, directly or through their agents, to any person or entity for the carriage of passengers (and their baggage) and cargo (excluding mail) in air transportation, including: I. the conditions governing the availability and applicability of a price, and
II. the charges and conditions for any services ancillary to such carriage which are offered by or on behalf of airlines.
I. the conditions governing the availability and applicability of a price, and
II. the charges and conditions for any services ancillary to such carriage which are offered by or on behalf of airlines.
j) the term “change of aircraft” means the operation of one of the agreed services by a designated airline in such a way that one or more sectors of the route are flown by aircraft different in capacity from those used on another sector.

1. Each Contracting Party grants to the other Contracting Party except as otherwise specified in the Annex the following rights for the conduct of international scheduled air transportation by the designated airline of the other Contracting Party:
a) the right to fly across its territory without landing;
b) the right to make stops in its territory for non-traffic purposes; and
c) while operating an agreed service on a specified route, the right to make stops in its territory for the purpose of taking up and discharging international traffic in passengers, cargo and mail, separately or in combination.
2. Nothing in paragraph 1 of this Article shall be deemed to grant the right for one Contracting Party's airline to participate in air transportation between points in the territory of the other Contracting Party.

1. Each designated airline may on any or all flights on the agreed services, change aircraft in the territory of the other Contracting Party or at any point along the specified routes, provided that:
a) aircraft used beyond the point of change of aircraft shall be scheduled in coincidence with the inbound or outbound aircraft, as the case may be;
b) in the case of change of aircraft in the territory of the other Contracting Party and when more than one aircraft is operated beyond the point of change, the total capacity and payload of these aircrafts combined shall not be more than the capacity and payload of the aircraft operating on the third and fourth freedom sector.
2. For the purpose of change of aircraft operations and for the purpose of operations on the whole route, a designated airline may use its own equipment and, subject to national regulations, leased equipment, and may operate under commercial arrangements with another airline.
3. A designated airline may use different or identical flight numbers for the sectors of its change of aircraft operations. However, neither designated airline shall hold itself out to the public by advertisement or otherwise as providing a service which originates as the point of change of aircraft, unless otherwise permitted to do so.

1. Each Contracting Party shall have the right by written notification through Diplomatic Channels to the other Contracting Party to designate two (2) airlines to operate air services on the routes specified in the Annex and to substitute an other airline for an airline previously designated.
2. On receipt of such notification, each Contracting Party shall, without delay, grant to the airline so designated by the other Contracting Party the appropriate operating authorizations subject to the provisions of this Article.
3. Upon receipt of the operating authorization of paragraph 2 of this Article the designated airline may at any time begin to operate the agreed services, in part or in whole, provided that it complies with the provisions of this Agreement and that tariffs for such services have been established in accordance with the provisions of Article 6 of this Agreement.
4. Each Contracting Party shall have the right to refuse to grant the operating authorization referred to in paragraph 2 of this Article, or to grant this authorization under conditions that may be deemed necessary on the exercise by the designated airline of the rights specified in Article 2 of this Agreement, if it is not satisfied that substantial ownership and effective control of the airline are vested in the Contracting Party designating it or in its nationals or in both.

1. The aeronautical authorities of each Contracting Party shall have the right to withhold the authorizations referred to in Article 4 with respect to an airline designated by the other Contracting Party, to revoke or suspend such authorizations or impose conditions:
a) in the event of failure by such airline to qualify before the aeronautical authorities of that Contracting Party under the laws and regulations normally and reasonably applied by these authorities in conformity with the Convention;
b) in the event of failure by such airline to comply with the laws and regulations of that Contracting Party;
c) in the event that they are not satisfied that substantial ownership and effective control of the airline are vested in the Contracting Party designating the airline or in its nationals; and
d) in case the airline otherwise fails to operate in accordance with the conditions prescribed under this Agreement.
2. Unless immediate action is essential to prevent further infringement of the laws and regulations referred to above, the rights enumerated in paragraph 1 of this Article shall be exercised only after consultations with the aeronautical authorities of the other Contracting Party. Unless otherwise agreed by the Contracting Parties, such consultation shall begin within a period of sixty (60) days from the date of receipt of the request.

1. Each Contracting Party shall allow prices for air transportation to be established by each designated airline individually based upon commercial considerations in the marketplace. Intervention by the Contracting Parties shall be limited to:
a) prevention of predatory and/or unreasonably discriminatory prices or practices;
b) protection of consumers from prices that are unreasonably high or restrictive due to the abuse of a dominant position;
c) protection of airlines from prices that are artificially low due to, amongst others, direct or indirect governmental subsidy or support.
2. Each Contracting Party may require notification to its aeronautical authorities of prices to be charged to or from its territory by airlines of the other Contracting Party.
3. Neither Contracting Party shall undertake unilateral action to prevent the inauguration or continuation of a price charged or proposed to be charged by (a) a designated airline of either Contracting Party for international air transportation between the territories of the Contracting Parties, or (b) an airline of one Contracting Party for international air transportation between the territory of the other Contracting Party and any other country.
If either Contracting Party considers any such prices inconsistent with the considerations set forth in paragraph (1) of this Article, it shall request consultations and notify the other Contracting Party of the reasons for its dissatisfaction as soon as possible. These consultations shall be held not later than thirty (30) days after receipt of the request of the other Contracting Party, and the Contracting Parties shall co-operate in securing information necessary for reasoned resolution of the issue. If the Contracting Parties reach agreement with respect to a price for which a notice of dissatisfaction has been given, each Contracting Party shall use its best efforts to put that agreement into effect. Without such mutual agreement, the new price shall not take effect and the current price shall continue to be in effect.
4. Notwithstanding the provisions of this Article, in the case of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, the prices to be charged by the designated airlines for carriage wholly within the European Union shall be subject to European Union law.

1. The designated airline(s) of each Contracting Party shall have the right to establish offices in the territory of the other Contracting Party for promotion and sale of air services and other ancillary or supplemental products and services and facilities required for the provision of air services.
2. Any designated airline of each Contracting Party may engage in the sale of air services and its ancillary products, services and facilities in the territory of the other Contracting Party directly and, at the airline’s discretion, through its agents. For this purpose, the designated airline may use its own transportation documents and any person shall be free to purchase such transportation and its ancillary products, services and facilities in the currency of that territory or in freely convertible currencies to the degree permitted by national laws and regulations, provided that they are applied on a non-discriminatory basis.
3. The designated airline(s) of each Contracting Party shall be entitled, in accordance with the laws and regulations of the other Contracting Party relating to entry, residence and employment, to bring in and maintain in the territory of the other Contracting Party managerial, sales, technical, operational and other specialist staff required for the provision of air services and other ancillary products and facilities. Such staff requirements may, at the option of the airline, be satisfied by its own personnel of any nationality or by using the services of any other airline, organization or company operating in the territory of the other Contracting Party and authorized to perform such services in the territory of such other Contracting Party.

1. There shall be fair and equal opportunity for the designated airlines of both Parties to participate in the international air transportation covered by this Agreement.
2. Each Party shall take all appropriate action within its jurisdiction to eliminate all forms of discrimination or unfair competitive practices adversely affecting the competitive position of the designated airline of the other Contracting Party.

1. The airline designated by each Contracting Party shall submit to the aeronautical authorities of the other Contracting Party for approval, at least thirty (30) days in advance, the timetable of its intended services, specifying the frequency, type of aircraft, configuration and number of seats to be made available to the public.
In exceptional circumstances, ad hoc changes of the timetable will be notified by the designated airline of one Contracting Party and approved by the aeronautical authorities of the other Contracting Party within a shorter time-limit than the thirty days mentioned above.
2. Requests for permission to operate additional flights can be submitted by the designated airline for approval directly to the aeronautical authorities of the other Contracting Party.

1. Aircraft operating on international air services by the designated airline of either Contracting Party, as well as their regular equipment, spare parts, supplies of fuels and lubricants, aircraft stores (including food, beverages and tobacco) on board as well as advertising and promotional material kept on board such aircraft shall be exempt from all customs duties, inspection fees and similar national or local duties and charges, on arrival in the territory of the Contracting Party, provided such equipment and supplies remain on board the aircraft up to such time as they are re-exported.
2. With regard to regular equipment, spare parts, supplies of fuels and lubricants and aircraft stores introduced into the territory of one Contracting Party by or on behalf of the designated airline of the other Contracting Party or taken on board the aircraft operated by such designated airline and intended solely for use on board aircraft while operating international air services, no duties and charges, including customs duties and inspection fees imposed in the territory of the first Contracting Party, shall be applied, even when these supplies are to be used on the parts of the journey performed over the territory of the first Contracting Party in which they are taken on board.
The articles referred to above may be required to be kept under customs supervision and control.
The provisions of this paragraph cannot be interpreted in such a way that a Contracting Party can be made subject to the obligation to refund consums duties which already have been levied on the items referred to above.
3. Regular airborne equipment, spare parts, supplies of fuels and lubricants and aircraft stores retained on board the aircraft of either Contracting Party may be unloaded in the territory of the other Contracting Party only with the approval of the customs authorities of that Party, who may require that these materials be placed under their supervision up to such time as they are re-exported or otherwise disposed of in accordance with customs regulations.

1. User charges that may be imposed by the competent charging authorities of each Contracting Party on the designated airline(s) of the other Contracting Party shall be transparent, just, reasonable, non-discriminatory, and equitably apportioned among all categories of users. Such user charges shall be assessed on the designated airline(s) of the other Contracting Party on terms not less favourable than the terms available to any other airline at the time the charges are assessed.
2. User charges imposed on the designated airline(s) of the other Contracting Party may reflect, but shall not exceed, the full cost to the competent charging authorities of providing the appropriate airport, environmental, air navigation and aviation security facilities and services at the airport or within the airport system. Such full cost may include a reasonable return on assets, after depreciation. Facilities and services for which charges are made shall be provided on an efficient and economic basis.
3. Each Contracting Party shall encourage consultations between the competent charging authorities in its territory and the designated airline(s) using the services and facilities. Each Contracting Party shall encourage the competent charging authorities and the airlines to exchange such information as may be necessary to permit an accurate and transparent review of the reasonableness of the charges in accordance with the principles stated in paragraphs (1) and (2) of this Article. Each Contracting Party shall encourage the competent charging authorities to provide users with reasonable notice of any proposal for changes in the user charges to enable the users to express their views before changes are implemented.
4. Neither Contracting Party shall be held, in dispute resolution procedures pursuant to Article 17 of this Agreement, to be in breach of a provision of this Article, if:
(i) it has undertaken a review of the charge or practice that is the subject of complaint by the other Contracting Party within a reasonable time, and
(ii) following such a review, it has taken all steps within its power to remedy any charge or practice that is inconsistent with this Article.

1. Income and profits from the operation of aircraft in international traffic shall be taxable only in the State in which the place of effective management of the enterprises is situated.
2. Capital represented by aircraft operated in international traffic and by movable property pertaining to the operation of such aircraft shall be taxable only in the State in which the place of effective management of the enterprises is situated.
3. Where a special agreement for the avoidance of double taxation with respect to taxes on income, profits and capital exists between the Contracting Parties the provisions of the latter shall prevail.

1. Each Contracting Party grants to the designated airline of the other Contracting Party the right of transfer of the excess of receipts over expenditure, earned in the territory of the first Contracting Party. Included in such net transfer shall be revenues from sales, made directly or through agents, of air transport services, and normal commercial interest earned on such revenues while on deposit awaiting transfer.
2. The designated airlines of the Contracting Parties shall receive approval for such transfer within at most thirty (30) days of application, into a freely convertible currency, at the official rate of exchange for conversion of local currency.
The airlines of the Contracting Parties shall be free to affect the actual transfer on receipt of approval.

1. The laws, regulations and procedures of either Contracting Party relating to the admission to or departure from its territory of aircraft engaged in international air services, or to the operation and navigation of such aircraft, shall be complied with by the designated airline of the other Contracting Party upon its entrance into, and until and including its departure from, the said territory.
2. The laws, regulations and procedures of either Contracting Party relating to immigration, passports, or other approved travel documents, entry, clearance, customs and quarantine shall be complied with by or on behalf of crews, passengers, cargo and mail carried by aircraft of the designated airline of the other Contracting Party upon their entrance into, and until and including their departure from, the territory of the said Contracting Party.
3. Passengers, baggage and cargo in direct transit across the territory of either Contracting Party and not leaving the area of the airport reserved for such purpose shall, except in respect of security measures against violence and air piracy, be subject to no more than a simplified control. Baggage and cargo in direct transit shall be exempt from customs duties and other similar taxes.
4. Fees and charges applied in the territory of either Contracting Party to the airline operations of the other Contracting Party for the use of airports and other aviation facilities in the territory of the first Party, shall not be higher than those applied to the operations of any other airline engaged in similar operations.
5. Neither of the Contracting Parties shall give preference to any other airline over the designated airline of the other Contracting Party in the application of its customs, immigration, quarantine, and similar regulations; or in the use of airports, airways and air traffic services and associated facilities under its control.

Certificates of airworthiness, certificates of competency and licenses issued, or validated, by one Contracting Party and unexpired shall be recognized as valid by the other Contracting Party for the purpose of operating the agreed services on the specified routes, provided always that such certificates or licenses were issued, or validated, in conformity with the standards established under the Convention. Each Contracting Party, however, reserves the right to refuse to recognize, for flights above its own territory, certificates of competency and licenses granted to its own nationals by the other Contracting Party.

1. Each Contracting Party may request consultations at any time concerning safety standards in any area relating to air crew, aircraft or their operation adopted by the other Contracting Party. Such consultations shall take place within 30 (thirty) days of that request.
2. If, following such consultations, one Contracting Party finds that the other Contracting Party does not effectively maintain and administer safety standards and requirements in any such area that are at least equal to the minimum standards established at that time pursuant to the Chicago Convention, the first Contracting Party shall notify the other Contracting Party of those findings and the steps considered necessary to conform with those minimum standards, and that other Contracting Party shall take appropriate corrective action. Failure by the other Contracting Party to take appropriate action within 15 (fifteen) days or such longer period as may be agreed, shall be grounds for the application of Article 5 (Revocation and suspension of authorization) of this Agreement.
3. Notwithstanding the obligations mentioned in Article 33 of the Chicago Convention, it is agreed that any aircraft operated by or, under a lease agreement, on behalf of the airline or airlines of one Contracting Party on services to or from the territory of the other Contracting Party may, while within the territory of the other Contracting Party, be made the subject of an examination by the authorized representatives of the other Contracting Party, on board and around the aircraft, to check both the validity of the aircraft documents and those of its crew and the apparent conditions of the aircraft and its equipment (ramp inspections), provided this does not lead to unreasonable delay.
4. If any such inspection or series of ramp inspections gives rise to:
a) serious concerns that an aircraft or the operation of an aircraft does not comply with the minimum standards established at that time pursuant to the Chicago Convention, or
b) serious concerns that there is a lack of effective maintenance and administration of safety standards established at that time pursuant to the Chicago Convention,
the Contracting Party carrying out the inspection shall, for the purposes of Article 33 of the Chicago Convention, be free to conclude that the requirements under which the certificates or licenses in respect of that aircraft or in respect of the crew of that aircraft had been issued or rendered valid, or that the requirements under which that aircraft is operated, are not equal to or above the minimum standards established pursuant to the Chicago Convention.
5. In the event that access for the purpose of undertaking a ramp inspection of an aircraft operated by the airline or airlines of one Contracting Party in accordance with paragraph 3 above is denied by the representative of that airline or those airlines, the other Contracting Party shall be free to infer that serious concerns of the type referred to in paragraph 4 above arise and draw the conclusions referred to in that paragraph.
6. Each Contracting Party reserves the right to suspend or vary the operating authorization of an airline or airlines of the other Contracting Party immediately in the event the first Contracting Party concludes, whether as a result of a ramp inspection, a series of ramp inspections, a denial of access for ramp inspection, consultations or otherwise, that immediate action is essential to the safety of the airline’s operation.
7. Any action by one Contracting Party in accordance with paragraphs 2 or 6 above shall be discontinued once the basis for the taking of that action ceases to exist.

1. The Contracting Parties reaffirm, consistent with their rights and obligations under international law, that their obligations to each other to protect the security of civil aviation against acts of unlawful interference forms an integral part of this Agreement. Without limiting the generality of their rights and obligations under international law, the Contracting Parties shall in particular act in conformity with the provisions of the Convention on Offences and Certain Other Acts Committed on Board Aircraft, signed at Tokyo on 14 September 1963, the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft, signed at The Hague on 16 December 1970, the Chicago Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Civil Aviation, signed at Montreal on 23 September 1971, its Supplementary Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts of Violence at Airports Serving International Civil Aviation, signed at Montreal on 24 February 1988, and any other Convention on aviation security to which the Contracting Parties shall become Contracting Party.
2. The Contracting Parties shall provide upon request all necessary assistance to each other to prevent acts of unlawful seizure of civil aircraft and other unlawful acts against the safety of such aircraft, their passengers and crew, airports and air navigation facilities, and any other threat to the security of civil aviation.
3. The Contracting Parties shall, in their mutual relations, act in conformity with the aviation security standards and, so far as they are applied by them, the Recommended Practices established by the International Civil Aviation Organization and designated as Annexes to the Convention; they shall require that operators of aircraft of their registry, operators who have their principal place of business or permanent residence in their territory, and the operators of airports in their territory, act in conformity with such aviation security provisions. In this paragraph the reference to aviation security standards includes any difference notified by the Contracting Party concerned.
4. Each Contracting Party shall ensure that effective measures are taken within its territory to protect aircraft, to screen passengers and their carry-on items, and to carry out appropriate checks on crew, cargo (including hold baggage) and aircraft stores prior to and during boarding or loading and that those measures are adjusted to meet the increase in the threat. Each Contracting Party agrees that its designated airline(s) may be required to observe the aviation security provisions referred to in paragraph 3 required by the other Contracting Party for entrance into, departure from, or while within, the territory of that other Contracting Party. Each Contracting Party shall also act favorably upon any request from the other Contracting Party for reasonable special security measures to meet a particular threat.
5. When an incident or threat of an incident of unlawful seizure of civil aircraft or other unlawful acts against the safety of such aircraft, their passengers and crew, airports or air navigation facilities occurs, the Contracting Parties shall assist each other by facilitating communications and other appropriate measures intended to terminate as rapidly as possible commensurate with minimum risk to life such incident or threat.
6. When a Contracting Party has reasonable grounds to believe that the other Contracting Party has departed from the provisions of this Article, the first Contracting Party may request immediate consultations with the other Contracting Party. Such consultations shall take place within 30 (thirty) days of that request. These consultations shall be aimed to reach an agreement upon the measures suitable to eliminate the more immediate reasons of worry and to adopt in the framework of the ICAO security standards, the actions necessary to establish the appropriate conditions of security.
7. Each Contracting Party shall take such measures as it may find practicable, to ensure that an aircraft subject to an act of unlawful seizure or other acts of unlawful interference which has landed in its territory is detained on the ground unless its departure is necessitated by the overriding duty to protect human life. Wherever practicable, such measures shall be taken on the basis of mutual consultations.

1. In a spirit of close cooperation the aeronautical authorities of the Contracting Parties shall consult each other from time to time with a view to ensuring the implementation of, and satisfactory compliance with, the provisions of this Agreement.
2. Either Contracting Party may request consultations which shall begin within sixty (60) days of the date of the receipt of the request unless both Contracting Parties agree to an extension or reduction of this period. Such consultations may be conducted through discussion or by correspondence.
3. Any modification to the present Agreement agreed upon by the Contracting Parties, shall come into force on the date on which the Contracting Parties have informed each other in writing of the completion of their respective constitutional requirements.
4. Any amendment of the Annex to the present Agreement shall be agreed upon in writing between the aeronautical authorities and shall take effect on a date to be determined by the said authorities.

1. If any dispute arises between the Contracting Parties relating to the interpretation or application of the present Agreement, the Contracting Parties shall in the first place endeavour to settle it by negotiation between themselves.
2. If the Contracting Parties fail to reach a settlement by negotiation, the dispute may at the request of either Contracting Party be submitted for decision to a tribunal of three arbitrators, one to be named by each Contracting Party and the third to be agreed upon by the two arbitrators so chosen, provided that such third arbitrator shall not be a national of either Contracting Party. Each of the Contracting Parties shall designate an arbitrator within a period of sixty (60) days from the date of receipt by either Contracting Party from the other Contracting Party of a diplomatic note requesting arbitration of the dispute and the third arbitrator shall be agreed upon within a further period of sixty (60) days. If either of the Contracting Parties fails to designate its own arbitrator within the period of sixty (60) days or if the third arbitrator is not agreed upon within the period indicated, the President of the Council of the International Civil Aviation Organization may be requested by either Contracting Party to appoint an arbitrator or arbitrators.
3. The Contracting Parties undertake to comply with any decision given under paragraph 2 of this Article.

Either Contracting Party may at any time give notice in writing through diplomatic channels to the other Contracting Party of its decision to terminate this Agreement.
Such notice shall be simultaneously communicated to the International Civil Aviation Organization. In such case this Agreement shall terminate twelve (12) months after the date when the notice has been received by the other Contracting Party unless the notice to terminate is withdrawn by agreement before the expiry of this period. In the absence of acknowledgement of receipt by the other Contracting Party, notice shall be deemed to have been received fourteen (14) days after the receipt of the notice by the International Civil Aviation Organization.

This Agreement and any amendment thereto shall be registered with the International Civil Aviation Organization.

1. The provisions of the Convention shall be applied to this Agreement.
2. If a multilateral agreement concerning any matter covered by this Agreement, accepted by both Parties, enters into force, the relevant provisions of that agreement shall supersede the relevant provisions of the present Agreement.

As regards the Kingdom of the Netherlands, this Agreement shall apply to the part of the Kingdom in Europe only.

The present Agreement shall be provisionally applied from the date of its signature and shall come into force on the day on which the Contracting Parties have informed each other in writing that the formalities constitutionally required therefore in their respective countries have been complied with.

The route of the agreed services performed by the airline(s) designated by the Government of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam shall be as follows in either or both directions:
Any point in Vietnam – any intermediate point – any point in the European part of the Netherlands – any beyond point.

The route of the agreed services performed by the airline(s) designated by the Government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands shall be as follows in either or both directions:
Any point in the European part of the Netherlands – any intermediate point – any point in Vietnam – any beyond point.

1. Each designated airline may on any or all flights and at its option:
a) operate flights in either or both directions;
b) combine different flight numbers within one aircraft operation;
c) serve behind, intermediate, and beyond points and points in the territories of the Contracting Parties in any combination and in any order;
d) omit stops at any point or points;
e) transfer traffic from any of its aircraft to any of its other aircraft at any point;
f) serve points behind any point in its territory with or without change of aircraft or flight number and hold out and advertise such services to the public as through services;
g) make own stopovers at any points whether within or outside the territory of either Contracting Party; stopover rights shall not be available between points in the territory of the either Contracting Party;
h) carry transit traffic through the other Contracting Party’s territory; and
i) combine traffic on the same aircraft regardless of where such traffic originates,
without directional or geographic limitation and without loss of any right to carry traffic otherwise permissible under this Agreement.
2. The right of the designated airline(s) of either Contracting Party to exercise fifth freedom traffic rights shall be discussed and agreed upon on a reciprocal basis by the aeronautical authorities of each Contracting Party. In the case of the Netherlands, the request for fifth freedom traffic rights shall be subject to national administrative laws; this means that the granting of fifth freedom traffic rights will take place after internal consultations. Such rights shall become available to the designated airline(s) immediately upon agreement between the civil aviation authorities of both Contracting Parties.