Briefwisseling tussen de Regering van het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden en de President van het "Iran-United States Claims Tribunal" inzake het toekennen van voorrechten en immuniteiten aan het Tribunaal

1. The premises of the Tribunal shall be inviolable. The Netherlands authorities may not enter them, except with the consent of the President of the Tribunal or of his designee. Such consent may, however, be assumed in case of fire or other disaster requiring prompt protective action, and only in the event that it has not been possible to obtain the express consent of the President or of his designee.
2. The Netherlands Government is under a special duty to take all appropriate steps to protect the premises of the Tribunal against any intrusion or damage and to prevent any disturbance of the peace of the Tribunal or impairment of its dignity.
3. The premises of the Tribunal, their furnishings and other property thereon shall be immune from search, requisition, attachment or execution.
4. Service of process at the premises of the Tribunal and service of any other procedural instruments relating to a cause of action against the Tribunal shall not constitute breach of inviolability.

The archives of the Tribunal and any documents belonging to or held by it shall be inviolable. They should, when necessary, bear visible external marks of identification.

1. Subject to the provisions of Article 4 the Tribunal, within the scope of the performance of its tasks, shall enjoy in the Netherlands immunity from jurisdiction and execution, except:
a. to the extent that the Tribunal shall have expressly waived such immunity in a particular case;
b. in the case of a civil action brought by a third party for damage resulting from an accident caused by a motor vehicle belonging to, or operated on behalf of, the Tribunal, or in respect of a motor traffic offence involving such a vehicle.
2. The property and assets of the Tribunal, wherever situated, shall be immune from requisition or attachment.
3. The property and assets of the Tribunal shall also be immune from administrative or provisional judicial constraint, except in so far as may be temporarily necessary in connection with the prevention of, and investigation into, accidents involving motor vehicles belonging to or operated on behalf of the Tribunal.

1. If the Tribunal institutes or intervenes in proceedings before a court in the Netherlands, it submits, for the purpose of those proceedings, to the jurisdiction of the Netherlands courts.
2. In such cases the Tribunal cannot claim immunity from the jurisdiction of the courts in respect of a counterclaim if the counterclaim arises from the legal relationship or the facts on which the principal claim is based.

If the Tribunal appears before the courts in order to assert immunity, it shall not thereby be deemed to have waived immunity.

1. The Netherlands Government shall permit and protect free communication on the part of the Tribunal for all official purposes, and notably with the Parties to the Claims Settlement Declaration.
2. The official correspondence of the Tribunal shall be inviolable. Official correspondence means all correspondence relating to the Tribunal and its functions.

1. Within the scope of its official activities, the Tribunal, its assets, income and other property shall be exempt from all direct taxes, whether levied by national, provincial or local authorities.
2. Within the scope of its official activities, the Tribunal shall be exempt from:
a. import and export taxes and duties (belastingen bij invoer en uitvoer);
b. motor vehicle tax (motorrijtuigenbelasting, “MRB”);
c. tax on passenger motor vehicles and motorcycles (belasting van personenauto's en motorrijwielen, “BPM”);
d. value added tax (omzetbelasting, “BTW”) paid on goods and services supplied on a recurring basis or involving considerable expenditure;
e. excise duties (accijnzen) included in the price of alcoholic beverages and hydrocarbons such as fuel oils and motor fuels;
f. real property transfer tax (overdrachtsbelasting);
g. insurance tax (assurantiebelasting);
h. energy tax (regulerende energiebelasting, “REB”);
i. tax on mains water (belasting op leidingwater, “BOL”);
j. any other taxes and duties of a substantially similar character as the taxes provided for in this paragraph, levied in the Netherlands subsequent to the date of signature of this Agreement.
3. The exemptions provided for in paragraph 2, subparagraphs d), e), f), g), h), i), and j) of this Article may be granted by way of a refund. These exemptions shall be applied in accordance with the formal requirements of the Netherlands. These requirements, however, shall not affect the general principles laid down in paragraph 2 of this Article.
4. Goods acquired or imported under the terms set out in paragraph 2 of this Article shall not be sold, let out, given away or otherwise disposed of in the Netherlands, except in accordance with conditions agreed upon with the Netherlands.
5. The Tribunal shall not claim exemption from taxes which are, in fact, no more than charges for public utility services provided at a fixed rate according to the amount of services rendered and which can be specifically identified, described and itemized.

The members of the Tribunal shall be inviolable. They shall not be liable to any form of arrest or detention. The Netherlands authorities shall treat them with due respect and shall take all appropriate steps to prevent any attack on their person, freedom or dignity.

1. The private residence of a member of the Tribunal shall enjoy the same inviolability and protection as the premises of the Tribunal. The exception provided for by paragraph 4 of Article 1 shall be applicable mutatis mutandis.
2. The papers, correspondence and, except as provided for in paragraph 4 of Article 9, the property of a member of the Tribunal shall likewise enjoy inviolability.

1. A member of the Tribunal shall enjoy immunity from the criminal jurisdiction of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.
2. He shall also enjoy immunity from the civil and administrative jurisdiction of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, except in the case of:
a. a real action relating to private immovable property situated in the Netherlands;
b. an action relating to succession in which a member of the Tribunal is involved as executor, administrator, heir or legatee;
c. an action relating to any professional or commercial activity exercised by a member of the Tribunal in the Netherlands outside his official function;
d. an action for damages arising out of an accident caused by a vehicle used or owned by a member of the Tribunal, where those damages are not recoverable from insurance.
3. A member of the Tribunal is not obliged to give evidence as a witness.
4. No measures of execution may be taken in respect of a member of the Tribunal except in the cases coming under sub-paragraphs (a), (b), (c) and (d) of paragraph 2 of this Article, and provided that the measures concerned can be taken without infringing the inviolability of his person or of his residence.
5. A member of the Tribunal shall enjoy immunity from seizure and inspection of official baggage.
6. A member of the Tribunal shall enjoy exemption from inspection of personal baggage, unless there are serious grounds for believing that the baggage contains articles the import or export of which is prohibited by law or controlled by the quarantine regulations of the Netherlands. An inspection in such a case shall be conducted in the presence of the member of the Tribunal concerned.

The members of the Tribunal shall be exempt in the Kingdom of the Netherlands from all personal services, from all public services of any kind whatsoever, and from military obligations such as those connected with requisitioning, military contributions and billeting.

1. The Secretary-General of the Tribunal shall enjoy the privileges and immunities specified in Articles 7 to 10.
2. The other staff-members of the Tribunal shall enjoy the privileges and immunities specified in Articles 7 and 9 to 10, except that the immunity from criminal, civil and administrative jurisdiction specified in Article 9 shall not extend to acts performed outside the course of their duties.

1. Provided that they are not nationals or permanent residents of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, the members of the Tribunal, the Secretary-General, and the other staff-members of the Tribunal shall enjoy the following privileges, immunities, exemptions and facilities as are necessary for the independent performance of their functions:
a. together with members of their family forming part of the household, exemption from immigration restrictions and alien registration;
b. exemption from taxation on salaries, emoluments and allowances paid to them in respect of their employment with the Tribunal;
c. the same privileges in respect of currency and exchange facilities as are accorded to the officials of comparable rank of diplomatic missions established in the Netherlands;
d. together with members of their family forming part of the household, the same repatriation facilities in time of international crisis as are accorded to diplomatic agents under the Vienna Convention; and
e. the right to import free of duties and taxes, their furniture and effects at the time of first taking up their post in the Netherlands, and to re-export their furniture and effects free of duties and taxes to their country of destination upon separation from the Tribunal. However, no exemption shall be accorded in respect of charges levied for specific services rendered.
2. In addition to the privileges listed in paragraph 1 of this Article and provided that they are not nationals or permanent residents of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, the members of the Tribunal and the Secretary-General and the family members forming part of their household, shall be accorded the same privileges as are accorded by the Kingdom of the Netherlands to heads of the diplomatic missions in accordance with the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, unless otherwise specified in this Agreement.
3. In addition to the privileges listed in paragraph 1 of this Article and provided that they are not nationals or permanent residents of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, the other staff-members of the Tribunal in staff category 10 and staff-members of the Tribunal in staff category 9 together with the family members forming part of their household, shall be accorded the same privileges as are accorded by the Kingdom of the Netherlands to diplomatic agents of the diplomatic missions in accordance with the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, unless otherwise specified in this Agreement.
4. In addition to the privileges listed in paragraph 1 of this Article and provided that they are not nationals or permanent residents of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, staff-members of the Tribunal in staff categories lower than 9 together with the family members forming part of their household, shall be accorded the same privileges as are accorded by the Kingdom of the Netherlands to the technical and administrative staff of the diplomatic missions in accordance with the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, unless otherwise specified in this Agreement.
5. Notwithstanding the provision of Article 7 of the Agreement, the members of the Tribunal, the Secretary-General, and the other staff-members who are nationals or permanent residents of the Kingdom of the Netherlands shall enjoy within the Kingdom of the Netherlands only the following privileges, immunities and facilities for acts performed in his or her official capacity:
a. immunity from legal process of every kind in respect of words spoken or written and all acts performed by them in their official capacity, which immunity shall continue to be accorded even after they have ceased to perform their functions for the Tribunal;
b. exemption from taxation on salaries, emoluments and allowances paid to them in respect of their employment with the Tribunal;
c. for the purpose of their communications with the Tribunal the right to receive and send papers in whatever form; and
d. the right to import free of duties and taxes, except payments for services, their furniture and effects at the time of first taking up their post in the host State.

1. Except insofar as additional privileges and immunities may be granted by the Netherlands Government, a member of the Tribunal or a staff-member of the Tribunal who is a Netherlands national or permanently resident in the Netherlands shall enjoy only immunity from jurisdiction, and inviolability, in respect of official acts performed in the exercise of his function.
2. In other respects the Kingdom of the Netherlands shall exercise itsjurisdiction over those persons in such a manner as not to interfere unduly with the performance of the functions of the Tribunal.

Members of the family of a member of the Tribunal and of the Secretary-General forming part of his household shall, if they are not Netherlands nationals, enjoy the privileges and immunities specified in Articles 7 to 10.

1. The purpose of the privileges and immunities provided for in the present Articles is not to benefit individuals but to ensure the unimpeded functioning of the Tribunal.
2. The Tribunal may waive the immunity from jurisdiction of a member of the Tribunal and of the Secretary-General or of any person enjoying immunity under Articles 11 to 13. Immunity shall be waived in any case where, in the opinion of the Tribunal, the immunity would impede the course of justice and waiver would not prejudice the purpose for which the immunity is accorded.
3. Waiver must always be express.
4. The initiation of proceedings by any of the persons referred to in paragraph 2 of this Article shall preclude him from invoking immunity from jurisdiction in respect of any counter-claim directly connected with the principal claim.
5. Waiver of immunity from jurisdiction in respect of judicial proceedings shall not be held to imply waiver of immunity in respect of the execution of the judgement, for which a separate waiver shall be necessary.

1. Every person entitled to privileges and immunities shall enjoy them from the moment he enters Netherlands territory for the purpose of performing his functions with the Tribunal or, if he is already in its territory, from the moment when his appointment is notified to the Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
2. When the functions of a person enjoying privileges and immunities have come to an end, such privileges and immunities shall normally cease at the moment when he leaves Netherlands territory, or on expiry of a reasonable period in which to do so, but shall subsist until that time, even in case of armed conflict. However in respect of acts performed by such a person in the exercise of his function, immunity shall continue to subsist.
3. In case of the death of a member of the Tribunal or of a staff-member of the Tribunal, the members of his family and his private servants shall continue to enjoy the privileges and immunities to which they are entitled until the expiry of a reasonable period in which to leave the Netherlands.

In the event of the death of a member of the Tribunal or of a staff-member of the Tribunal, or of a member of his family forming part of his household, if the deceased was not a Netherlands national nor permanently resident in the Netherlands, the Kingdom of the Netherlands shall permit the withdrawal of the movable property of the deceased, with the exception of any property acquired in the country the export of which was prohibited at the time of his death.

1. A member of the Tribunal, and the Secretary-General shall not practise for personal profit any professional or commercial activity in the Netherlands outside the exercise of his function in the Tribunal.
2. The staff-members of the Tribunal referred to in paragraph 2 of Article 11, not being Netherlands nationals or permanently resident in the Netherlands, and the members of the families referred to in Article 13 shall not, when they practise a professional or commercial activity for personal profit, enjoy immunity from criminal jurisdiction in respect of acts performed in the course of or in connection with the practice of such activity. However, the immunity with regard to the execution of the judgement will stand unless waived in accordance with Article 14.

1. Members of the family forming part of the households of the Members, the Secretary-General, and the Staff of the Tribunal shall be authorised to engage in gainful employment in the Netherlands for the duration of the term of office of the Member concerned, the Secretary-General, or the Staff member concerned.
2. The following persons are members of the family forming part of the household in the sense of paragraph 1:
a. the spouse or registered partner of a Member, the Secretary-General, or a Staff member of the Tribunal;
b. children under the age of 18 of a Member, the Secretary-General, or a Staff member of the Tribunal;
c. children aged 18 or over, but not older than 27, of a Member, the Secretary-General, or a Staff member of the Tribunal, provided that they formed part of his or her household prior to their first entry into the Netherlands and still form part of this household, and that they are unmarried, financially dependent on the Member concerned, the Secretary-General, or the Staff member concerned and are attending education in the Netherlands.
3. Members of the family forming part of the households of the Members and of the Secretary-General, in accordance with paragraph 2 of this Article, who obtain gainful employment, shall, in accordance with Article 9, paragraph 2, subparagraph (c) and the first sentence of Article 17, paragraph 2, respectively, have no immunity from civil, administrative, or criminal jurisdiction with respect to matters arising in the course of or in connection with such employment. Measures of execution in respect of members of the family forming part of the households of the Members and of the Secretary-General in matters arising in the course of or in connection with their gainful employment can only be taken if those measures do not infringe the inviolability of their person or of their residence, in as far as they are entitled to such inviolability.
4. In case of the insolvency of a person aged under 18 with respect to a claim arising out of gainful employment of that person under this Article, the immunity of the Member, the Secretary-General, or Staff member of the Tribunal of whose family the person concerned is a member shall be waived by the Tribunal for the purpose of settlement of the claim, in accordance with Article 14.
5. Employment referred to in paragraph 1 shall be in accordance with Netherlands legislation, including fiscal and social security legislation, unless any other applicable international legal instrument provides otherwise.

The Kingdom of the Netherlands shall, even in case of armed conflict, grant facilities to enable members of the Tribunal and staff-membres of the Tribunal, other than Netherlands nationals, and members of the families of such persons irrespective of their nationality, to leave at the earliest possible moment. In particular it must, in case of need, place at their disposal the necessary means of transport for themselves and their property.

1. The claimants and respondents or their representatives, counsel and advocates, as well as witnesses and experts and other persons who take part in the proceedings of the Tribunal, shall enjoy immunity from legal process in respect of oral or written statements made, or documents or other evidence submitted by them before or to the Tribunal.
2. In other respects, the Kingdom of the Netherlands shall exercise itsjurisdiction over those persons in such a manner as not to interfere unduly with the performance of their functions with the Tribunal.

1. The Members of the Tribunal and the Secretary-General shall be exempt from social security provisions in force in the Netherlands.
2. In the event that the Tribunal shall have established its own social security system offering coverage comparable to the coverage under Netherlands legislation, the Tribunal and its employees shall be exempt from social security provisions in force in the Netherlands, with retroactive effect to 18 May 1981.
3. The members of the family forming part of the household of the persons referred to in paragraph 1 and 2 of this Article shall be subject to the social security legislation of the Netherlands.
If the foregoing meets with the approval of Your Excellency I have the honour further to propose that this letter and your letter in reply shall constitute an agreement between the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the Iran-United States Claims Tribunal which will enter into force on the date of receipt by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of your Excellency's letter accepting the above.

1. All differences arising out of the interpretation or application of this Agreement or supplementary arrangements or agreements between the Parties shall be settled by consultation, negotiation or other agreed mode of settlement.
2. If the difference is not settled in accordance with paragraph 1 of this Article within three months following a written request by one of the Parties to the difference, it shall, at the request of either Party, be referred to a Tribunal of three arbitrators. Each Party shall appoint one arbitrator, and the two arbitrators so appointed shall appoint a third, who shall be the chairperson of the Tribunal. If, within thirty days of the request for arbitration, a Party has not appointed an arbitrator, or if, within fifteen (15) days of the appointment of two arbitrators, the third arbitrator has not been appointed, either Party may request the President of the International Court of Justice to appoint the arbitrator referred to. The Tribunal shall determine its own procedures, provided that any two arbitrators shall constitute a quorum for all purposes, and all decisions shall require the agreement of any two arbitrators. The expenses of the Tribunal shall be borne by the Parties as assessed by the Tribunal. The arbitral award shall contain a statement of the reasons on which it is based and shall be final and binding on the Parties.